中心重复和转录在动态细胞组合和功能中的作用
Jothipriya Ramakrishnan Chandra1, Manikandan Kalidass1, Dmitri Demidov1
1Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Corrensstrasse 3, D-06466, Seeland, Germany.
The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology
|September 4, 2023
概括
细胞分裂必不可少的中粒体在不同物种的DNA序列中存在差异. 参与中间体形成的蛋白质与DNA和转录相互作用,不论其序列如何,这表明表观遗传调节.
科学领域:
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
- 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
- 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
背景情况:
- 中介质对于细胞分裂期间的染色体分离至关重要.
- 中心基因DNA序列是高度可变的,而基因基因组合在物种之间有所不同.
- 中心基组素H3 (CENH3) 是一个表观遗传标志物,用于定位中心基.
研究的目的:
- 审查中心基序列的可变性及其转录调节.
- 探索蛋白质相互作用与中心体DNA和转录在中心体形成中的作用.
- 了解CENH3加载和动态芯组装背后的序列独立机制.
主要方法:
- 审查现有的文献关于中心体生物学,DNA序列变异性和表观遗传调节.
- 分析RNA Pol II和RNAi机械在中心转录中的作用.
- 讨论与中心基DNA和转录的蛋白质相互作用.
主要成果:
- 中心DNA序列的变异性很高,即使在相关物种中也是如此.
- 中心重复的转录由RNA Pol II和RNAi进行调节.
- 参与CENH3加载和动态组装的蛋白质以独立于序列的方式与中心组件相互作用.
结论:
- 表观遗传机制,特别是CENH3负载,决定了中间体的位置.
- 蛋白质和中间体DNA/转录之间的序列独立相互作用对于中间体和新中间体的形成至关重要.
- 需要进一步的研究,以充分阐明这些相互作用的功能方面.
相关概念视频
02:30Histone Variants at the Centromere
4.4K
Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
4.4K
02:57Attachment of Sister Chromatids
3.3K
As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules. Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall...
3.3K
02:40Chromosome Structure
22.9K
A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
22.9K
02:50Spindle Assembly
3.7K
Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a...
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a...
3.7K
01:13Centrioles and Centrosomes
2.8K
Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or...
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or...
2.8K
02:25Centrosome Duplication
4.1K
The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
4.1K