急性运动和儿童的认知功能:什么是认知挑战的最佳剂量?
Sofia Anzeneder1, Cäcilia Zehnder1, Anna Lisa Martin-Niedecken2
1Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Psychology of sport and exercise
|September 4, 2023
概括
运动中的高认知挑战可以提高儿童的执行控制能力. 这种效应在男性中更为明显,这表明针对认知益处的定制运动.
科学领域:
- 儿童的认知能力 儿童的认知能力
- 运动科学运动科学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 剧烈的运动可以增强儿童的认知功能.
- 运动中的认知挑战对认知的影响尚不清楚.
- 需要进一步的研究来探索运动任务的特征及其对认知表现的影响.
研究的目的:
- 研究急性运动期间不同认知挑战水平对儿童认知功能的影响.
- 探索个体特征,如生物性别,如何调节这些影响.
- 为了确定在运动中认知挑战的最佳"剂量",以获得儿童的认知益处.
主要方法:
- 在103名儿童中采用了主体内实验设计.
- 参与者每周进行15分钟的运动,控制体力强度 (65%HRmax),但认知挑战水平不同 (低,中,高).
- 在每次练习后,使用注意力网络任务 (ANT) 评估认知表现.
主要成果:
- 认知挑战显著提高了执行控制效率 (反应时间),高挑战条件优于低挑战条件.
- 警报和定向网络功能没有受到认知挑战的显著影响.
- 生物性别调节了这些影响,男性在高认知挑战下表现出执行控制和导向网络的增强互动功能.
结论:
- 一个个性化,适应性高认知挑战的炼对孩子的执行控制有好处,比那些不那么具有挑战性的炼更好.
- 运动中的认知挑战似乎对男性的执行控制特别有益,特别是当空间注意力受到挑战时.
- 研究结果支持认知刺激假设和唤醒理论在儿童的运动和认知功能的背景下.
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