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描述性分析西班牙的职业事故及其与热浪的关系
Ana Santurtún1, Sara Lopes Moraes2, Pablo Fdez-Arroyabe3
1Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
Preventive medicine
|September 4, 2023
概括
在西班牙,热浪期间的职业事故增加,特别是在建筑和初级部门. 公共管理部门和风险预防部门必须实施热浪特定的安全措施,以保护工人.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 职业安全与健康问题 职业安全与健康问题
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 极端高温事件或热浪对工人的健康和安全构成重大风险.
- 了解热浪和职业事故之间的关系对于制定有效的预防策略至关重要.
- 之前的研究已经表明了潜在的联系,但西班牙的特定省份分析有限.
研究的目的:
- 在西班牙人口最多的马德里,巴塞罗那和瓦伦西亚省份对职业事故进行描述性分析.
- 评估热浪事件与工作事故发生之间的关联.
- 为了确定受热浪相关事故影响最严重的特定工人群体和时间差.
主要方法:
- 收集每日职业事故数据 (2005-2021年),包括人口统计,工作类型和事故细节.
- 根据每日平均温度超过95百分位数的定义热浪,至少连续三天.
- 采用了通用添加模型与分布式滞后非线性模型 (DLNM) 来分析热浪-事故关系.
主要成果:
- 每年平均每10万名员工的事故率为33.2 (马德里),35.8 (巴塞罗那) 和31.8 (瓦伦西亚).
- 工作事故在热浪期间呈现上升趋势,在马德里/巴塞罗那的3天延迟和瓦伦西亚的5天延迟后观察到的最高风险.
- 建筑工人 (马德里/巴塞罗那) 和初级部门工人 (瓦伦西亚) 在就业的第一个月内面临最高风险.
结论:
- 热浪与西班牙主要省份职业事故的增加有关.
- 针对性,针对热浪的预防措施对于风险管理服务和公共当局至关重要.
- 需要进一步研究极端高温期间特定部门的脆弱性.
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