"从天空到地面":渔民的知识,景观分析和水文数据表明亚马逊清水河流的长期环境变化
Carolina B Nunes1, Kaluan C Vieira1, Paula E R Pereyra1
1Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
The Science of the total environment
|September 4, 2023
概括
渔民的当地生态知识揭示了巴西亚马逊河流的重大长期环境变化,包括由于人类活动而改变的水文和水质.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 水文学的水文学
背景情况:
- 热带河流是面临日益增加的人为压力的关键生态系统.
- 来自土著社区的当地生态知识 (LEK) 提供了对环境变化有价值的见解.
- 了解亚马逊地区的长期环境变化对于保护至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查巴西亚马逊三条河流的水文,水质和土地覆盖的长期变化.
- 将特朗贝塔斯,塔帕乔斯和托坎廷斯河的环境变化进行比较,评估人类影响的梯度.
- 将渔民的当地生态知识与科学数据相结合,以进行全面的环境评估.
主要方法:
- 采访了129名跨越特朗贝塔斯,塔帕乔斯和托坎廷斯河的渔民.
- 使用MapBiomas数据分析1985年至2019年的土地覆盖变化.
- 来自巴西国家水务局 (1985-2019) 的水文数据的检查.
主要成果:
- 土地覆盖面的分析揭示了一种人为变化的梯度,特伦贝塔斯受影响最小,托坎丁斯受影响最大.
- 渔民报告说,托坎丁斯河的水质有明显恶化和水文变化 (干旱增加).
- 塔帕戈斯渔民注意到采矿对水质的影响,而特罗姆贝塔斯渔民则观察到洪水增加.
结论:
- 渔民的当地生态知识提供了关于长期环境变化的独特的地面数据.
- LEK补充了科学数据,为热带河流的水文和水质变化提供了关键的见解.
- 整合LEK对于有效监测和管理亚马逊河流系统及其渔业至关重要.
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