城市化,气候和物种特征塑造了哺乳动物社区,从地方到大陆的规模
Jeffrey D Haight1, Sharon J Hall2, Mason Fidino3
1School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA. jdhaight@asu.edu.
Nature ecology & evolution
|September 4, 2023
概括
城市化对野生动物的多样性产生了负面影响,尤其是在温暖的城市,植被较少的城市. 较大的哺乳动物受到影响最大,这凸显了需要采取保护策略来应对气候和城市化压力.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 城市生态城市生态学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 人类驱动的环境变化,包括城市化,在各种规模上显著影响生态社区.
- 虽然像景观模式和物种特征这样的局部因素推动了城市野生动物的多样性,但城市特定的特征引发了关于大陆规模可预测性的问题.
- 了解这些驱动因素对于在不同的城市景观中有效保护野生动物至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估生态区域特征和哺乳动物物种特征如何影响北美城市化和野生动物多样性之间的关系.
- 根据区域环境因素和物种特征,确定城市化是否会对物种占地和社区组成产生不同的影响.
- 确定哪些类型的城市和哪些物种最容易受到城市化的影响.
主要方法:
- 通过城市野生动物信息网络,利用了来自北美20个城市的725个地点的发生数据.
- 采用多个城市,多个物种占用率建模方法来分析数据.
- 研究了生态区域特征和37种本土陆地哺乳动物物种特征对城市化影响的影响.
主要成果:
- 区域环境特征和物种特征显著影响了城市化如何影响城市内的物种占用和社区组成.
- 物种占用率和多样性显示,与城市化最负面的关系是在更温暖,植被较少的城市环境中.
- 身体较大的哺乳动物种类在北美大陆经历了城市化带来的最严重的负面影响.
结论:
- 气候条件的变化可能会加剧城市化对本土野生动物种群的负面影响.
- 保护战略必须考虑和减轻气候变暖和城市化增加的综合影响.
- 保护城市野生动物需要一个细微的方法,考虑到区域环境差异和特定物种的脆弱性.
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