在BA.5/BF.7突破性感染后对Omicron亚型的中和作用随着病毒的进化和衰老而减弱,尽管重复采用原型疫苗接种1
Hongyu Wang1, Quanlin Xue1, Haocheng Zhang1
1Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Emerging microbes & infections
|September 5, 2023
概括
突破性感染来自像BA.5/BF.7这样的Omicron亚型增强免疫力,但较新的菌株 (BQ.1.1,XBB.1.5) 显示出强烈的免疫逃避. 年龄会影响抗体反应,老年人抗体水平较低.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 欧米克朗变种 (SARS-CoV-2) 在中国 (2022年12月至2023年1月) 引起广泛感染.
- 正在进行的SARS-CoV-2进化需要评估对新子变种的免疫反应.
- 了解感染后的幽默免疫力对于准备未来的疫情浪潮至关重要,尤其是在老年人等弱势群体中.
研究的目的:
- 为了评估BA.5/BF.7突破性感染后的幽默免疫反应.
- 评估现有疫苗接种策略对主要的SARS-CoV-2亚系的有效性.
- 为了研究年龄对老年人免疫反应的影响.
主要方法:
- 一项从疫苗接种到感染后的年轻成年人的纵向研究.
- 一个老年人队伍在突破性感染后一个月进行评估.
- 测试了针对多个SARS-CoV-2亚型 (WT,BA.2,BA.5,BF.7,BQ.1.1,CH.1.1,XBB.1.5) 的抗体活性中和的血清.
主要成果:
- 与单独接种疫苗相比,BA.5/BF.7感染增强了中和.
- 较新的Omicron亚型 (BQ.1.1,CH.1.1,XBB.1.5) 显示出显著的中和规避.
- 幽默性免疫反应与几种变异的年龄有负相关性.
- 两剂疫苗接种加上突破性感染增加了对早期菌株的中和抗体,但不是最新的Omicron亚型.
结论:
- 新出现的SARS-CoV-2变种表现出增加的免疫逃避.
- 基于原型的辅助疫苗可能无法有效地增强对新变种的中和作用.
- 老年人表现出降低的中和抗体水平.
- 未来的疫苗接种策略必须针对当代变种的增强中和.
相关概念视频
00:42Cross-reactivity
31.2K
Overview
31.2K
01:51Vaccinations
44.7K
Overview
44.7K
01:29Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
824
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
824
00:36Viral Mutations
32.4K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
32.4K
01:23Immunological Memory
665
Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
665