需要进行分层查和限制接触的干预措施,以减少大城市监狱中SARS-Cov-2爆发风险
Krzysztof Sakrejda1,2, Chad Zawitz3, Robert A Weinstein3,4
1Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene
|September 5, 2023
概括
实施多层次的入口查过程,包括对新囚犯进行测试和短暂的隔离,大大减少了监狱中的SARS-CoV-2疫情. 较短的检疫期与测试几乎与较长的检疫期一样有效.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染病建模传染病建模
背景情况:
- 像SARS-CoV-2和流感这样的高度传染性感染对机构环境,特别是监狱构成重大风险.
- 快速传播可以迅速压倒惩戒设施内的医疗保健资源.
研究的目的:
- 评估摄入查措施对监狱中SARS-CoV-2爆发风险的影响.
- 确定哪些吸收过程元素能最大程度地减少感染病例.
主要方法:
- 一个基于个体的模拟模型被开发来代表SARS-CoV-2在大型城市监狱中的传播.
- 模拟包括入境,隔离和隔离后的测试,不同的隔离时间和测试灵敏度.
- 模型在不同的传染性和社区流行水平上进行了测试.
主要成果:
- 短暂的隔离与隔离前和隔离后测试使SARS-CoV-2病例数量减少了30-70%,取决于测试灵敏度.
- 延长的隔离期 (长达14天) 仅仅在边际上额外减少了5%的病例.
- 结果在不同水平的病原体传染性方面保持稳健.
结论:
- 多层吸收过程对于减轻监狱环境中高度传染性病原体的传播至关重要.
- 较短的隔离时间与检测相结合,在预防疾病传播方面几乎与14天的隔离期一样有效.
- 由于感染的前症状性质,没有单一的策略是足够的.
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