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在两动物物种的种群中,对外来捕食者进行广泛的学习捕食者识别
Nuria Polo-Cavia1, Rosa Arribas2,3, Carlos Caballero-Díaz2
1Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain. nuria.polo@uam.es.
Scientific reports
|September 5, 2023
概括
本地脚 (Pelobates cultripes) 头表现出不同的能力来识别入侵的 (Procambarus clarkii). 南方人群表现出一致的学习,而中部人群表现出不同的塑料反应,与遗传变异和暴露史有关.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 行为生态学 行为生态学
背景情况:
- 外星掠食者在全球范围内威胁本土物种.
- 现型可塑性和学习的捕食者识别对于猎物的生存对抗新型威胁至关重要.
- 侵入性物种,如鱼Procambarus clarkii,对生态构成重大挑战.
研究的目的:
- 调查足 (Pelobates cultripes) 识别入侵 (Procambarus clarkii) 的学习能力的地理差异.
- 为了比较跨种群的学习介导行为反应与不同历史接触入侵物种的不同历史.
- 为了将行为可塑性与遗传变异和环境因素相关联.
主要方法:
- 行为测试评估对入侵的化学线索的反应.
- 条件化实验使用同类型的警报线索来测试学习的捕食者识别.
- 微卫星标记分析以评估种群内和种群之间的遗传变异.
- 在西班牙中部和南部的六个种群中,学习能力的比较.
主要成果:
- 两种群体表现出对鱼线索的天生的识别能力;三种群体在经过调节后学会识别线索.
- 学习能力在南方人口中是一致的,但在中部人口中有很大的差异.
- 南方种群的遗传差异较低,而中部种群的遗传差异较大.
- 南方人群,暴露时间较长,基因流量较高,表现出均的反应;中部人群,暴露时间较短,连接性较低,表现出不同的塑料反应.
结论:
- 学习能力的地理差异受到历史暴露在入侵性掠食者和景观连接的影响.
- 捕食者识别中的表型可塑性可以根据当地生态和遗传因素不同地演变.
- 了解这些变异对于预测和管理入侵物种对本土动物群的影响至关重要.
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