重新设计作物品种以赢得气候变化和粮食安全之间的竞赛
Kevin V Pixley1, Jill E Cairns2, Santiago Lopez-Ridaura1
1International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico.
Molecular plant
|September 7, 2023
概括
开发耐候作物,如珍珠小米和,对于粮食安全至关重要. 专家们确定了必要的特征,包括微生物组优化和提高活力,以应对未来的农业挑战.
科学领域:
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 植物育种 植物育种
- 适应气候变化 适应气候变化
背景情况:
- 气候变化对全球农业和粮食安全构成重大威胁.
- 极端天气事件和变化的模式影响作物产量和稳定性.
- 开发有弹性的作物品种对于可持续的农业系统至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在撒哈拉以南非洲地区确定未来作物品种 (珍珠小米,,玉米,花生,牛,常豆) 的当前和新型特征.
- 评估繁殖优先特征的进展和前景.
- 探索用于纳入遗传多样性的创新工具.
主要方法:
- 调查了588名专家利益相关者关于气候适应性作物的特征重要性.
- 对所选特征的当前繁殖进展进行了审查.
- 讨论了先进的育种工具和生殖细胞的利用.
主要成果:
- 专家预测当前育种优先事项的持续重要性,但强调基因获取率的增加.
- 新型特征,如优化的树根球微生物群,增强的作物系统性能,低呼吸,改善炉质量,增加早期活力至关重要.
- 先进的工具使得异国情调的遗传多样性的准确和快速结合成为可能.
结论:
- 在定义和培育未来特征方面的创新是解决气候变化对粮食安全影响的关键.
- 增加遗传收益和专注于新特性是作物适应所必需的.
- 通过先进的育种技术利用遗传多样性对于未来的作物发展至关重要.
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