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相关概念视频

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Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
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In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
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The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
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The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
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Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
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Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
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Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
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交叉基因转换,自然选择和对应性同质化.

Yixuan Yang1, Tanchumin Xu1,2, Gavin Conant1,3

  • 1Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.

Molecular biology and evolution
|September 7, 2023
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

间位基因转换 (IGC) 显著同质化重复的基因,特别是在teleosts和酵母. 这一由点突变驱动的过程,导致蛋白质序列同质化的速率高于先前估计的.

关键词:
交叉位置基因转换转换帕拉洛格同质化的同质化远距离最远的基因组复制

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科学领域:

  • 进化遗传学 进化遗传学
  • 分子进化分子进化
  • 进行比较基因组学.

背景情况:

  • 基因重复是进化创新的主要驱动力.
  • 由于基因复制而产生的对应基因,通常会随着时间的推移而分离.
  • 突变和自然选择会影响对象差异,但它们在同质化中的作用是复杂的.

研究的目的:

  • 量化由点突变和间位基因转换 (IGC) 引起的等位基因同质化的程度.
  • 要区分同质化和非同质化的非同义替代.
  • 为了比较不同基因组和物种的同质化率.

主要方法:

  • 分析了164个重复的teleost基因.
  • 归因于IGC的复制后代码子替代的估计与点突变相比.
  • 基于它们对蛋白质序列的同质化作用的非同义替代物的划分.

主要成果:

  • 间位基因转换 (IGC) 在teleost基因中占复制后代码子替代的中位数为7-8%.
  • 在164个teleost基因组中的163个中,均质化非同义替代率高于非均质化率.
  • 在14个酵母核糖体蛋白编码基因组中,同质化非同义速率超过同义速率.

结论:

  • 交叉基因转换 (IGC) 是维持对应物之间序列相似性的重要力量.
  • 同质化压力在不同类型的重复基因中普遍存在,包括远程生物和酵母菌.
  • 这些发现挑战了关于类似进化的主要驱动因素的假设,强调了IGC在序列保护中的作用.