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相关概念视频

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 17, 2025

Author Spotlight: Assessing the Olfactory Effects of Airborne Pollutants — Buried Food and Social Odor Tests
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Author Spotlight: Assessing the Olfactory Effects of Airborne Pollutants — Buried Food and Social Odor Tests

Published on: September 13, 2024

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与COVID-19相关的持续性嗅觉功能障碍相关的促炎性标志物.

Sophie S Jang1, Kwang S Pak1, Allyssa Strom2

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.

International forum of allergy & rhinology
|September 7, 2023
PubMed
概括

在COVID-19后持续的嗅觉功能障碍可能与嗅觉裂中干扰素 (IFN) 途径细胞因子升高有关. 这项研究确定了粘液样本中的特定生物标志物,预测了COVID-19幸存者的长期气味丧失.

关键词:
根据COVID-19的情况,长途运输商长途运输商这是粘液粘液.嗅觉功能障碍 嗅觉功能障碍持续的气味丧失 持续的气味丧失这是一种促炎症性炎症.

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科学领域:

  • 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
  • 病毒学 病毒学
  • 耳鼻喉科 耳鼻喉科 耳鼻喉科

背景情况:

  • 局部炎症与急性COVID-19嗅觉功能障碍 (OD) 有关.
  • 持续的COVID-19 OD (>3个月) 病理生理学和治疗方法仍然不太清楚.
  • 嗅觉裂 (OC) 粘液生物标志物被前性地评估为持续性OD的预测因素.

研究的目的:

  • 调查嗅觉裂 (OC) 生物标志物作为COVID-19患者持续嗅觉功能障碍 (OD) 的预测因素.
  • 为了比较COVID-19幸存者的OC粘液中的炎症和抗病毒生物标志物概况,包括持久性OD和没有持久性OD的幸存者,以及非感染者.

主要方法:

  • 一项前性研究,将COVID-19患者的持续性OD (>3个月) 与COVID-19患者没有OD和非感染的对照进行比较.
  • 嗅觉裂 (OC) 粘液样本分析了13种抗病毒和炎症生物标志物.
  • 使用ANOVA和曼-惠特尼测试比较生物标志物水平;病毒RNA通过RT-PCR (COVID-19 N2原始) 评估.

主要成果:

  • 在三个组中发现了干扰素-lambda 1 (IFN-λ1) 和干扰素- (IFN-γ) 表达的显著差异 (分别为p = 0.007和p = 0.006).
  • 在COVID-19患者中观察到最高的细胞因子度,特别是IFN-γ,持续存在OD.
  • 在COVID-19 OD和没有OD (p = 0.026) 中,IFN-α2水平升高;在IL6或检测到的N2基因表达中没有显著差异.

结论:

  • 干扰素 (IFN) 途径细胞因子在持续性嗅觉功能障碍的COVID-19患者的嗅觉微环境中升高.
  • 这些发现表明,IFN通路调节失调在COVID-19后长期气味丧失的病理生理学中可能发挥作用.
  • OC粘液生物标志物,特别是IFN细胞因子,可能成为持续的COVID-19相关嗅觉功能障碍的预测因素.