声乐音乐的普遍解释
Lidya Yurdum1,2, Manvir Singh3, Luke Glowacki4
1Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520.
概括
人类歌曲具有相同的声学特征,这表明在不同文化中对舞蹈和摇篮曲等音乐背景的普遍理解. 音乐的跨文化可理解性是基于感知,而不仅仅是语言.
科学领域:
- 音乐认知 音乐认知
- 跨文化心理学 跨文化心理学
- 民族音乐学 民族音乐学
背景情况:
- 音乐的变化存在于不同文化中,但一些歌曲类型具有相同的声学特征 (例如,舞蹈歌曲是大声/节奏,摇篮曲是安静/旋律).
- 关于音乐行为背景可理解性的先前研究仅限于英语人口,缺乏全球代表性.
- 人类对音乐特征的敏感性表明声乐的潜在普遍解释,独立于语言或文化特点.
研究的目的:
- 研究不同人类社会中歌曲行为背景的跨文化理解.
- 为了确定音乐的基本属性是否相互理解,无论语言或文化内容.
- 为了测试音乐多样性背后的普遍感知现象.
主要方法:
- 在31种语言中调查了5,632名参与者 (5,516个工业化社会,116个小规模社会).
- 参与者对不同文化中不熟悉的歌曲的推断行为背景 (舞蹈,摇篮歌,治疗,爱情) 进行了评分.
- 歌曲是从人类声乐的代表样本中随机选择的.
主要成果:
- 无论是工业化社会还是规模较小的社会,听众都能准确地推断出舞蹈,摇篮曲和治疗歌曲的背景.
- 对爱情歌曲的推理在不同组中并不总是准确.
- 听众和歌手之间的语言或地理接近对推断的准确性影响很小.
结论:
- 舞蹈,摇篮曲和治疗歌曲的行为背景在不同的人类文化中是相互理解的.
- 音乐的多样性,虽然在文化上演变,根植于普遍的感知现象.
- 跨文化理解音乐的功能是可能的,超越语言和文化界限.
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