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过去感染或完整接种疫苗的人群中的Mpox:全球病例系列
Aniruddha Hazra1, Jason Zucker2, Elizabeth Bell3
1Section of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Howard Brown Health, Chicago, IL, USA.
The Lancet. Infectious diseases
|September 7, 2023
概括
麻疹 (以前是麻疹) 再感染或接种疫苗后感染主要发生在同性恋和双性恋男性中. 虽然免疫不能完全保护,但在这个案例系列中,免疫可以减少疾病的持续时间和严重程度.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 由于Clade IIb引起的2022年mopox (麻疹) 疫情,主要影响与男性发生性关系的男性.
- 之前感染或接种了天花疫苗就能获得终身免疫力,但最近在被认为免疫的个体中发生了mopox集群.
- 这项研究调查了先前感染或接种疫苗的人群中的mopox,以了解免疫群体中的疾病特征.
研究的目的:
- 描述先前感染或接种疫苗的个人中mopox的流行病学和临床特征.
- 在现有免疫的背景下,提高对mopox病的理解.
主要方法:
- 从2022年5月到2023年6月的PCR确诊mopox病例的全球病例系列.
- 包括有记录的先前mopox感染或接种疫苗 (两个修改疫苗安卡拉-巴伐利亚北欧课程) 的个人.
- 没有确定的疫苗接种情况或2022年5月之前的疫苗接种日期的除外病例. 收集关于人口统计,临床发现,艾滋病毒状况,性传播感染和疾病严重程度的数据.
主要成果:
- 报告了37例病例:7例再感染,29例疫苗接种后,1例符合两个标准.
- 平均年龄为36岁;所有病例都是同性恋和双性恋男性.
- 自然免疫导致了更短的疾病和在再次感染时更少的粘膜干预.
- 接种疫苗后感染的病变很少,粘膜疾病很少,疼痛缓解需要很少.
- 没有死亡或细菌超级感染; 一次住院治疗死性部病变.
结论:
- 流行病学镜像2022年疫情数据:主要是年轻,性活跃的同性恋和双性恋男性.
- 疫苗接种后的Mpox复发感染和疫苗接种后的感染似乎不如之前报道的严重.
- 观察到较少的合流性病变,较少的粘膜干扰,以及减少了对止痛的需求.
- 自然和疫苗诱导的免疫力并不能完全保护,但可以减少mopox疾病的持续时间和严重程度.
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