变性的变化:男性和女性之间,形态和生理特征的变化是否有所不同?
Lewis G Halsey1, Gabriel P Esteves2, Eimear Dolan2
1School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK.
Royal Society open science
|September 8, 2023
概括
研究人员通常认为,由于月经周期,女性的变化更大. 这项研究发现,性别差异的变化是不常见的,挑战了医学研究中长期存在的这一假设.
科学领域:
- 人类生物学 人类生物学
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 医学研究 医学研究
背景情况:
- 在健康和医学研究中一个常见的假设是,女性比男性表现出更大的生物变异性,通常归因于月经周期.
- 这种假设导致了研究中的性别偏见,创造了具有临床意义的知识差距.
- 相反,进化生物学表明,雄性可能更可变,可能是由于雄性异构性.
研究的目的:
- 实证地测试关于生物变异中的性别差异的竞争假设.
- 调查月经周期是否是女性更大的变异 (GFV) 的重要驱动因素.
- 为健康和医学研究实践提供有关参与者变化的信息.
主要方法:
- 用国家健康和营养检查调查 (NHANES) 的数据分析性别之间的50个形态和生理特征的差异分析.
- 男性和女性之间的特征变异的比较.
- 部分分析不包括有不规则月经周期的女性,以评估月经周期的影响.
主要成果:
- 在50个特征中,近一半的特征在性别差异上没有显著差异.
- 18个特征表现出更大的女性变异 (GFV),但这并不主导人类特征.
- 只有八个特征显示出更大的男性变异 (GMV),为异性恋假说提供了有限的支持. 当考虑月经周期时,没有显著地解释GFV.
结论:
- 假设在健康和医学研究中女性变异性更大,这种假设并没有得到实证数据的广泛支持.
- 性差异的变化比假设的少,月经周期不是GFV的主要驱动因素.
- 研究人员应该重新评估关于参与者变化的假设,以减轻性别偏见和提高临床相关性.
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