广泛的食肉动物的福利问题反映了自然流浪的生活方式
Miranda Bandeli1, Emma L Mellor2, Jeanette Kroshko1
1Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Royal Society open science
|September 8, 2023
概括
具有自然流浪生活方式的食肉动物在囚禁中更容易扎. 它们广泛旅行的倾向,而不仅仅是家庭范围的大小,预测了更高的青少年死亡率和刻板印象的行为,为更好的动物园和保护计划提供了信息.
科学领域:
- 动物福利科学 动物福利科学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
- 动物学 动物学
背景情况:
- 肉食动物种类的小家庭范围适应良好的囚禁.
- 范围更广的食肉动物物种在囚禁环境中经常表现出压力.
- 了解这种压力的驱动因素对于改善囚禁护理和保护策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 确定各种生活方式的具体方面,这些方面可以预测被囚禁的食肉动物的福利问题.
- 为了确定这些特定的生活方式相关性是否比单独的家庭范围大小更好地预测福利.
- 为了更好的动物福利,为收集计划和收容室设计提供信息.
主要方法:
- 确定了8个家庭范围大小的相关性,包括能量需求,运动模式和社会互动.
- 评估了这些相关的预测力对被囚禁的青少年死亡率 (13,518个人,42个物种).
- 使用刻板的路线追踪数据 (456个个体,27个物种) 评估相关性.
主要成果:
- 自然流浪的生活方式,用每日和每年的旅行距离比率量化,显著预测了囚禁青少年死亡率的增加.
- 旅游生活方式也与花费在刻板印象行为上的时间增加有关.
- 这些发现强调了运动模式在预测福利方面的重要性,而不仅仅是范围大小.
结论:
- 自然流浪的生活方式是关键的进化因素,导致了被囚禁的食肉动物的福利问题.
- 具有静止生活方式的物种 (例如,美国子) 比具有流动生活方式的物种 (例如,北极熊,大熊猫) 适应得更好.
- 增强新性,认知挑战和控制机会可以解决流浪捕食肉食动物的福利需求.
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