半面罩呼吸器和用于源控制的手术口罩的外泄总量
Warren R Myers1, Weihua Yang1, Kenneth J Ryan2
1Department of Industrial and Management Systems Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.
Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene
|September 8, 2023
概括
国家职业安全与健康研究所 (NIOSH) 批准的N95过面部呼吸器 (FFRs) 没有呼气提供优质的颗粒泄漏保护. 带有呼气的手术口罩 (SM) 和N95 FFR显示出明显更高的总向外泄漏率 (TOL).
科学领域:
- 职业健康和安全 职业健康和安全
- 呼吸系统保护 呼吸系统保护
- 传染病控制中的传染病控制
背景情况:
- 手术口罩 (SM) 和呼吸器是关键的源控制设备.
- 了解颗粒总向外泄漏 (TOL) 是至关重要的,特别是在COVID-19后.
- 有各种各样的呼吸器类型,包括N95过面部呼吸器 (FFR) 和弹性半面罩呼吸器 (EHMR).
研究的目的:
- 量化来自五类呼吸器器械的颗粒的总外泄 (TOL).
- 评估面密封水平和空气流对TOL的影响.
- 为了比较不同呼吸器和手术口罩的有效性,作为源控制措施.
主要方法:
- 每个设备类别的两个模型的基板测试:SMs,没有门的N95 FFRs,带门的N95 FFRs (N95 FFRV),EHMRs和带SMs的EHMRs (EHMRSM).
- 设备在0%,50%和100%的面部密封度下在头形上进行了测试.
- 总向外泄漏 (TOL) 在三个通风流速 (17,28和39L/分钟) 测量.
主要成果:
- 没有呼气的N95 FFR显示了最低的平均TOL.
- 没有门的N95FFR相比,SM的TOL大约是N95FFR的三倍.
- 在较低的面密度水平下,N95 FFRV显示了与SM相似的TOL,但在100%面密度下显示了更高的TOL. EHMRs的TOL最高,不受SM覆盖呼气的影响.
结论:
- 在那些经过测试的设备中,没有呼气的N95 FFR是最有效的源控制设备.
- 减少面密封泄漏可以显著提高N95 FFR和SM的源控制性能.
- 在使用N95 FFRV进行源控制时,建议谨慎使用N95 FFRV,因为由于潜在的高泄漏,在像CPR这样的高强度活动中进行源控制.
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