基于机器学习的自我伤害和青少年自杀企图的预测
Raymond Su1, James Rufus John2, Ping-I Lin3
1School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Psychiatry research
|September 8, 2023
概括
机器学习模型有效地预测了青少年自我伤害和自杀企图风险. 关键预测因素包括抑郁情绪和与学校相关的因素,表现优于以前的方法.
科学领域:
- 青少年心理健康 青少年心理健康
- 机器学习在心理学中的应用.
- 自杀学 自杀学
背景情况:
- 青少年自我伤害和自杀企图带来了重大的公共卫生挑战.
- 准确的风险预测对于及时干预和预防策略至关重要.
- 现有的预测模型往往缺乏全面的变量选择能力.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估机器学习 (ML) 模型,用于预测青少年自我伤害和自杀企图.
- 用ML识别青少年自我伤害和自杀企图的关键预测因素.
- 将ML模型的预测性能与传统方法进行比较.
主要方法:
- 来自澳大利亚儿童纵向研究的横截面数据的二次分析.
- 利用随机森林分类来选择最佳预测因素并生成风险预测.
- 包括与14-15岁的心理健康,社会人口统计学和心理社会因素相关的变量,以预测16-17岁的结果.
主要成果:
- 机器学习模型在自我伤害 (AUC:0.7397) 和自杀企图 (AUC:0.7220) 上表现出相当的预测准确度.
- 这些模型的表现明显优于仅基于先前的自我伤害或自杀企图的预测 (AUC:0.6).
- 关键预测因素包括抑郁情绪,优点和困难问卷分数,自我认知以及学校/家长因素.
结论:
- 机器学习,特别是随机森林分类,有效地识别了青少年自我伤害和自杀风险的关键预测因素.
- 机器学习模型提供了一个有希望的方法来提高青少年心理健康风险预测的准确性.
- 需要进一步的研究来验证和扩展临床心理健康环境中的ML技术.
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