美国印第安人与非美国印第安人社区的细颗粒物成分
Maggie Li1, Vivian Do1, Jada L Brooks2
1Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
Environmental research
|September 8, 2023
概括
空气污染趋势在美国印第安人 (AI) 和非AI人口县之间有所不同. 2011年以后,AI县的硫酸盐和含量增加,这可能解释了这些地区PM2.5减少的速度较慢.
科学领域:
- 环境健康科学 环境健康科学
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 大气化学 大气化学
背景情况:
- 微粒颗粒物 (PM2.5) 暴露与不良健康结果有关,其影响因特定成分而有所不同.
- 患有糖尿病等先前存在的疾病的人群可能更容易受到空气污染的影响.
- 之前的研究表明,与美国一般相比,美洲印第安人 (AI) 居住的地区的PM2.5下降速度较慢.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较2000-2017年连续美国的AI人口和非AI人口县之间的六个PM2.5成分 (硫酸盐,酸盐,,有机物,黑碳,矿物尘) 的时间趋势.
- 调查在这些不同的县类型中,特定组件的PM2.5度如何随着时间的推移而变化.
主要方法:
- 利用特定组件的线性混合模型来分析年度县级PM2.5组件度.
- 采用多标准方法将县分为AI人口或非AI人口.
- 对人口密度和家庭收入中位数进行调整的模型,包括与日历年相互作用的术语,以评估时间变化.
主要成果:
- 分析包括3108个县,其中199个被归类为AI人口.
- 总体而言,人工智能人口较多的县平均均有所有六个PM2.5成分的调整度明显较低.
- 观察到时间差异:在2011年之前,硫酸盐和在AI县的含量较低,但之后较高,而酸盐在AI县的含量始终较低.
结论:
- 在AI人口和非AI人口县之间,对于特定的PM2.5组件存在显著的时间趋势差异.
- 与AI县相比,非AI县的硫酸盐和含量下降可能会导致总体PM2.5下降幅度更大.
- 调查结果表明,对影响部落土地的排放源进行有针对性的监测和监管是有必要的.
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