语言学习在自闭症中可能是真正的非典型:超越共同注意力
Mikhail Kissine1, Ariane Saint-Denis2, Laurent Mottron3
1ACTE, LaDisco and ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
|September 8, 2023
概括
共同的注意力对于自闭症的语言发展至关重要,但一些自闭症儿童可能会独立地获得语言. 本系统性审查探讨了自闭症患者联合注意力和语言技能之间的复杂关系.
科学领域:
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 发展心理学是发展心理学.
- 语言学的语言学.
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 呈现出可变的语言特征,包括语音延迟和快速掌握技能.
- 共同注意力,一个核心的ASD特征,经常被认为是语言发展的关键预测因素.
- 现有研究尚未完全澄清联合注意力是否预测早期与高级语言技能,或者它是否独立于ASD的语言结果.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查自闭症谱系障碍中联合注意力和语言发展之间的关系.
- 确定联合注意力是否预测自闭症个体的早期或高级语言技能.
- 调查联合注意力与ASD语言结果的独立性.
主要方法:
- 对71项关于自闭症患者联合注意力和语言的研究进行了系统审查.
- 包括保守估计和标记使用异质样本或不受控制的非语言认知研究.
- 分析的重点是共同注意力对语言出现和发展的预测作用.
主要成果:
- 共同注意力在自闭症患者语言技能的出现中发挥着重要作用.
- 有证据表明,一些自闭症儿童可以独立于联合注意力能力来发展语言.
- 这些发现挑战了ASD语言发展的纯定量或时间模型.
结论:
- 共同注意力对于自闭症患者的语言学习至关重要,但并不普遍要求.
- 自闭症语言发展可能遵循非典型的路径,而不仅仅是与典型发展的偏差.
- 未来的研究应该专注于理解自闭症人口中语言发展的独特异常.
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