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全球陆地和水域限制使用风能和太阳能资源的电解生产
Davide Tonelli1,2,3, Lorenzo Rosa4, Paolo Gabrielli5,6
1Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, 1348, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. davide.tonelli@uclouvain.be.
Nature communications
|September 8, 2023
概括
实现净零排放需要扩大电解生产规模,但资源限制可能会限制自给自足. 许多国家可能面临土地和水资源短缺,以获得生产气所需的可再生能源.
科学领域:
- 环境科学与环境政策
- 可再生能源系统可再生能源系统
- 可持续的资源管理是资源的可持续管理.
背景情况:
- 到2050年实现净零排放目标需要大幅扩大电解生产.
- 扩大低碳气生产面临技术,经济和环境挑战,特别是在淡水和土地资源方面.
- 政策制定者必须平衡环境可持续性与日益增长的可再生能源气需求.
研究的目的:
- 用国内资源评估满足预计2050年需求的可行性.
- 确定可能受土地和水资源供应限制的国家,以实现自给自足的气生产.
- 绘制潜在的气贸易流和对工业本地化的影响.
主要方法:
- 制定2050年全球需求的各国参考情景.
- 预计的需求与可用的国内土地和水资源的比较.
- 对支持生产的可再生能源基础设施 (太阳能和风能) 的土地分配要求的分析.
主要成果:
- 预计2050年气需求的不到50%可以在国内满足,而不会面临土地或水资源短缺.
- 在自给自足生产的资源可用性方面存在显著的区域差异.
- 几个国家被确定为潜在的净进口国或净出口国,影响工业发展.
结论:
- 在全球范围内实现自给自足的电解生产方面,资源限制构成了重大挑战.
- 拥有丰富的土地和水资源的地区,如南非/中东非洲,西非,南美洲,加拿大和澳大利亚,准备成为出口领导者.
- 战略规划对于管理资源分配和促进国际贸易至关重要,以实现净零目标.
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