甲虫 (爬行动物) 的上腺:比较概述
1Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, Edificio 7, 80126 Naples, Italy.
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
|September 9, 2023
概括
上腺,对于激素的产生至关重要,表现出爬行动物的各种进化适应,特别是Squamata. 它们的腺体结构和功能各不相同,可能反映了物种.
科学领域:
- 进行比较的内分泌学.
- 脊椎动物解剖学 脊椎动物解剖学
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
背景情况:
- 上腺包括类固醇和色素蛋白组织,产生类固醇激素和类固醇胺 (上腺素,上腺素).
- 进化显示出一种趋势,从鱼类中孤立的细胞聚合物到哺乳动物中紧的腺体,具有明显的皮层和骨髓区域.
- 爬行动物上腺特异地位于生殖腺和生殖管道附近,具有可变的组织关联.
研究的目的:
- 审查上腺的一般特征和功能在脊椎动物.
- 为了检查Squamata (和蛇) 上腺的特定形态和变异性.
- 探索上腺变异在Squamata和他们的家族遗传史之间的潜在联系.
主要方法:
- 在脊椎动物种群中对上腺体结构进行比较的解剖综述.
- 对爬行动物上腺体形态学的现有文献进行分析,特别是在Squamata中.
- 遗传学推断将腺体变异与进化关系相关联.
主要成果:
- 上腺体结构从简单的聚合物演变为脊椎动物中复杂的紧器官.
- 爬行动物的上腺腺体表现出与类固醇和胺组织的密切关联,在Squamata中混合和定位方面存在显著的变化.
- 在Squamata中,组织混合和catecholamine生产的程度有很大的差异,这表明了家族遗传的影响.
结论:
- 上腺的进化轨迹突出显示了其构成部分的结构复杂性和整合性日益增加.
- 状上腺体为研究组织协会变异性及其进化驱动因素提供了一个独特的模型.
- 需要进一步的研究,将特定的家族遗传史与Squamata的上腺体形态联系起来.
相关概念视频
01:17Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands
2.4K
The adrenal or supra-renal glands, situated above the kidneys and aligned with the twelfth rib, are paired pyramid-shaped structures crucial for the body's stress response. During stress, these glands secrete hormones vital for adaptive physiological reactions.
These glands possess a distinctive yellow tinge due to the stored cholesterol and fatty acids required for hormone synthesis. They are encased in a fibrous capsule and cushioned by fat.
The adrenal gland comprises two distinct...
These glands possess a distinctive yellow tinge due to the stored cholesterol and fatty acids required for hormone synthesis. They are encased in a fibrous capsule and cushioned by fat.
The adrenal gland comprises two distinct...
2.4K
01:31Hormones of the Adrenal Glands
2.5K
Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and...
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and...
2.5K
01:28Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla
1.3K
The sympathetic pathways of the collateral ganglia and adrenal medulla serve unique but interconnected roles in the sympathetic response.
Collateral Ganglia
Sympathetic preganglionic axons reach the collateral ganglia along the route of splanchnic nerves. These nerves bypass the sympathetic trunk and communicate with sympathetic postganglionic neurons housed in the prevertebral ganglia. These ganglia supply the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity.
The greater splanchnic nerve, formed by the...
Collateral Ganglia
Sympathetic preganglionic axons reach the collateral ganglia along the route of splanchnic nerves. These nerves bypass the sympathetic trunk and communicate with sympathetic postganglionic neurons housed in the prevertebral ganglia. These ganglia supply the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity.
The greater splanchnic nerve, formed by the...
1.3K
01:27Adrenal Gland Disorders
1.6K
Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
1.6K
02:24Comparative Excretory Systems
19.5K
Animals have evolved different strategies for excretion, the removal of waste from the body. Most waste must be dissolved in water to be excreted, so an animal’s excretory strategy directly affects its water balance.
19.5K
01:17The Pituitary Gland
6.9K
The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.
6.9K