对比分析揭示了小麦复制基因 (Triticum aestivum L.) 中不同的进化命运和生物学功能
Licao Cui1,2, Hao Cheng1,3, Zhe Yang1
1Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 9, 2023
概括
在小麦 (Triticum aestivum L.) 中的基因重复加速了进化,导致更快的速度,更短的长度和特定的功能,特别是在环境应激反应中. 这些发现为小麦育种提供了目标.
科学领域:
- 植物遗传学和基因组学
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 农作物科学 农作物科学
背景情况:
- 小麦 (Triticum aestivum L.) 是全球至关重要的粮食来源,提供了人类20%的卡路里摄入量.
- 基因重复是一种关键的进化机制,但它在小麦中的特定作用和功能需要详细的研究.
研究的目的:
- 为了阐明在小麦中复制基因的进化命运和生物功能.
- 为了比较来自不同重复模式的重复基因的特征.
- 通过重复热点识别小麦分子育种的潜在目标.
主要方法:
- 在小麦中对重复基因与非重复基因进行比较分析.
- 基因长度的表征,代使用偏差,表达水平和组织特异性.
- 对基因丰富度,进化速率,紧性,表达模式和跨不同重复模式 (分散,近接,合,转移,全基因组) 的多样性进行分析.
主要成果:
- 重复的基因表现出比非重复的基因更快的进化,更短的长度,更高的编码子偏差,更低的表达和更大的组织特异性.
- 复制的基因在与环境应激反应相关的功能中得到显著丰富.
- 不同的重复模式 (协奏组,近接组,分散组,转移组,WGD) 显示出不同的进化速率,基因结构,表达特征和多样性.
- 在小麦的A,B和D亚基因组中观察到不对称的进化模式.
- 确定了与小麦化和多化相关的几个重复热点.
结论:
- 重复的基因在小麦进化,适应环境压力和遗传资源生成中发挥着重要作用.
- 了解不同复制模式的独特进化轨迹,可以深入了解小麦基因组的进化.
- 已识别的重复热点可以作为未来小麦分子育种计划的有价值的目标.
更多相关视频
相关概念视频
Gene Duplication and Divergence
6.2K
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
6.2K
Gene Families
8.9K
Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
8.9K
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons
5.8K
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
5.8K
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?
7.2K
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
In contrast, regions which code...
7.2K
Gene Conversion
9.8K
Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
9.8K
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes
8.0K
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
8.0K


