回到未来:性脑炎作为一种自身免疫性疾病?
Francesco Brigo1,2, Alberto Vogrig3,4
1Department of Neurology, Hospital of Merano (SABES-ASDAA), Merano-Meran, Italy. dr.francescobrigo@gmail.com.
概括
麻性脑炎 (EL) 的机制仍然不清楚. 虽然历史EL可能与感染有自身免疫联系,但目前的病例有显著差异,可能代表不同的神经疾病.
科学领域:
- 神经学 神经学
- 神经免疫学 神经免疫学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- 麻性脑炎 (EL) 出现于一个多世纪前,但其精确的病理生理机制仍然不完全理解.
- 关于EL作为一种由感染引发的自身免疫神经精神疾病的假设一直在争论中.
- 从具有类似症状的当代神经疾病中区分历史EL是具有挑战性的.
研究的目的:
- 审查支持和反对自身免疫基础的历史性脑炎的证据.
- 批判性地评估被诊断为EL的现代病例.
- 为模仿EL的自身免疫神经疾病提供差异诊断.
主要方法:
- 关于历史和当代脑炎病例的文献综述.
- 分析拟议的病理生理机制,包括自身免疫和传染性触发因素.
- 临床,流行病学和神经病理学特征的比较评估.
主要成果:
- 支持历史EL自身免疫病因的证据有限且不令人信服.
- 与历史病例相比,被标记为EL的现代病例在临床表现,流行病学和病理学方面存在显著差异.
- 目前的数据并不能强烈支持自免疫机制导致自免疫脑膜炎自EL大流行以来所观察到的假定自免疫脑膜炎增加.
结论:
- 历史性脑炎和目前出现类似症状的零星病例可能是不同的实体.
- 对于当代零星病例,应谨慎使用"脑炎"一词.
- 虽然自身免疫机制可能在历史EL中发挥了作用,作为对未知的传染病原体的反应,但这对当前的表现没有支持.
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