核潜艇大气中的一氧化碳暴露水平
Alexandre G Chrestani1, Rita M B Alves1
1Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Politécnica, Department of Chemical Engineering, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 380, tv 3, Butantã, 05508-010, São Paulo - SP, Brazil.
Journal of environmental management
|September 9, 2023
概括
为核潜艇提出了新的一氧化碳 (CO) 暴露限值. 这些限制,考虑到低氧和不同的机组人员活动,低于当前的美国海军标准,可能提高机组人员的安全.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 职业安全 在职业安全.
- 潜水医学 潜水医学
背景情况:
- 核潜艇具有独特的环境,含氧量低.
- 暴露于一氧化碳 (CO) 对于船员在狭窄空间中的健康和安全至关重要.
- 现有的暴露限值可能无法充分考虑特定的潜艇操作条件.
研究的目的:
- 为核潜艇环境中一氧化碳建立新的,基于证据的暴露限值.
- 评估不同暴露时间和机组人员体力活动水平对二氧化碳毒性的影响.
- 将拟议的限制与现有的美国海军标准进行比较.
主要方法:
- 使用了科伯恩-福斯特-凯恩方程的线性和非线性形式.
- 模拟的CO暴露场景考虑低氧,多样化的暴露时间和机组人员活动.
- 确定90天连续,24小时和1小时紧急情况以及10天和24小时潜艇逃生行动的指导水平.
主要成果:
- 建议的限制值:9 ppm (90天),35 ppm (24小时紧急情况),90 ppm (1小时紧急情况),60 ppm (10天逃生),80 ppm (24小时逃生).
- 计算的极限低于国家研究委员会为美国海军设定的极限.
- 证明了机组人员体育活动对碳氧血球蛋白形成的显著影响.
结论:
- 拟议的二氧化碳暴露限值为核潜艇船员提供了潜在的增强保护.
- 较低的拟议限值表明需要在海底环境中进行更严格的CO监测和控制.
- 身体活动水平是评估二氧化碳风险和设定适当的暴露限值的关键因素.
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