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相关概念视频

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
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X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
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Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
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Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been...
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Sparse2Noise:低剂量同步龙X射线断层扫描,没有高质量的参考数据.

Xiaoman Duan1, Xiao Fan Ding1, Naitao Li1

  • 1Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada.

Computers in biology and medicine
|September 10, 2023
PubMed
概括

Sparse2Noise是一种新的低剂量成像策略,用于同步辐射计算机断层扫描 (SR-CT). 这种方法有效地减少噪音和人工物,使得在较低的辐射剂量下能够进行高质量的体内成像.

关键词:
3D重建重建的3D重建计算机断层扫描 (CT) 是一种计算机断层扫描.卷积神经网络是一种卷积神经网络.辐射剂量 辐射剂量同步子辐射的辐射.

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科学领域:

  • 医疗成像医学成像
  • 生物医学工程 生物医学工程
  • 放射学 放射学是一门学科.

背景情况:

  • 同步射计算断层扫描 (SR-CT) 提供高分辨率的体内成像,但需要高剂量的辐射.
  • 通过限制投射或光子流量来降低辐射剂量,引入噪音和人工物.
  • 现有的深度学习方法需要高质量的参考数据,这在低剂量场景中往往是不可用的.

研究的目的:

  • 为SR-CT开发一种新的低剂量成像策略,克服现有方法的局限性.
  • 为了实现高质量的体内成像,减少辐射暴露.
  • 创建一种不依赖于高质量的培训参考数据的方法.

主要方法:

  • 介绍了Sparse2Noise,一种结合稀疏视图和全视图CT扫描数据的策略.
  • 使用卷积神经网络 (CNN) 来进行图像重建和无声化.
  • 在不需要高质量的重建数据的情况下训练模型,使用小数据集.

主要成果:

  • Sparse2Noise有效地减少了噪音和环形工件,超过了最先进的无声化方法.
  • 通过可接受的低辐射剂量 (0.5 Gy) 实现高图像质量,用于ex vivo老鼠后肢成像.
  • 证明了在没有高质量的参考资料的情况下对小数据集进行培训的能力.

结论:

  • Sparse2Noise代表了体内SR-CT成像技术的重大进步.
  • 该方法允许在减少的辐射剂量下进行高质量的成像.
  • Sparse2Noise适用于传统的CT和相对照CT消噪.