认知功能障碍和精神病理学:对患有智力发育障碍的成年人的队列研究
J Santambrogio1,2,3, M O Bertelli4, S Terrevazzi2,5
1Adele Bonolis AS.FRA. Onlus Foundation, Vedano al Lambro (MB), Italy.
Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR
|September 10, 2023
概括
知识发育障碍 (IDD) 与特定的认知问题和更高的心理健康风险有关. 认知评估可以帮助诊断和治疗IDD患者的同时发生的心理健康状况,特别是那些患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的人.
科学领域:
- 神经心理学 神经心理学
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
背景情况:
- 智力发育障碍 (IDD) 与各种认知障碍有关.
- 患有IDD的个人经历的心理健康问题比一般人群高出四倍.
- 在IDD人群中,特定的认知缺陷与同时出现的精神障碍之间的联系仍未得到充分研究.
研究的目的:
- 研究IDD患者特定认知功能障碍与特定精神病症状和综合征之间的关联.
- 探索IDD个体的认知概况如何不同,特别是与自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 相关.
主要方法:
- 对120名在住所设施中居住的轻度至中度IDD的成年人进行了临床和仪器评估.
- 评估的重点是确定特定的认知和精神病理特征.
主要成果:
- 与那些没有ASD的人相比,IDD和ASD的参与者在WAIS-IV的处理速度指数 (PSI) 和感知推理指数 (PRI) 上的得分明显较低.
- 患有IDD和ASD的个体在Trail Making Test Part A (TMT A) 上也表现出更高的时间得分.
- 在住院时间和TMT (A和B部分) 的表现之间发现了显著的关联,较长的住院时间与表现较差相关.
结论:
- 神经心理学和智商测试得分似乎与IDD同时发生的各种精神病理状况有差异性关联,特别是在ASD患者中.
- 认知评估对于诊断和治疗IDD患者的精神病理共同发生是有价值的.
- 了解智商缺陷之外的认知特征可以提高患者的护理和知识.
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