特定语言障碍和学龄儿童的执行功能:系统性审查
Rosa Alva Flores Camas1, Jose E Leon-Rojas2,3,4
1Postgraduate Department, Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Riobamba, ECU.
Cureus
|September 11, 2023
概括
与典型发育的同龄人相比,患有特定语言障碍 (SLI) 的儿童在执行功能 (EF) 中表现出显著的缺陷,特别是工作记忆,注意力和处理速度.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 语音语言病理学 语言病理学
背景情况:
- 特定语言障碍 (SLI) 影响儿童的语言发展.
- 执行功能 (EF) 是对目标导向行为至关重要的认知过程.
- SLI和EF之间的关系需要进一步的系统调查.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查有关SLI对学龄儿童EF的影响的文献.
- 为了比较SLI儿童与典型发育儿童的EF表现.
- 确定受SLI影响最严重的特定EF领域.
主要方法:
- 来自PubMed,Scopus和虚拟健康图书馆的2658篇文章的系统审查.
- 纳入标准集中在评估儿童SLI和EF的研究上.
- 选择了22篇文章进行最终分析.
主要成果:
- 与对照组相比,患有SLI的儿童在62%-91%的病例中表现出显著的EF缺陷.
- 早在3-4岁的时候就显现出缺口.
- 通常受到影响的EF包括工作记忆 (声学,听觉,视觉/语言),注意力,处理速度,抑制,规划,认知灵活性和内化言语.
结论:
- SLI与广泛的执行功能障碍密切相关.
- 在患有SLI的儿童中,工作记忆和注意力似乎特别脆弱.
- 了解语言-EF联系对于支持患有SLI的儿童至关重要.
相关概念视频
Information Processing Approach
71
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
71
Language and Cognition
373
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
373
Learning Disabilities
168
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
168


