相关实验视频
Updated: Jul 16, 2025

07:01
Manipulation of Gene Function in Mexican Cavefish
Published on: April 22, 2019
9.2K
一个新的视角,关于可进入血的碳酸无水酶在teleost的进化损失
Till S Harter1, Emma A Smith1, Martin Tresguerres1
1Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
The Journal of experimental biology
|September 11, 2023
概括
血可访问的碳酸酶 (paCA) 不干扰鱼中的红细胞pH调节. 这一发现表明,在远鱼中PACA的进化缺失的其他原因.
科学领域:
- 生理学 生理学 生理学
- 生物化学 生物化学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 大多数远鱼的部缺乏可进入血的碳酸酶 (paCA),这是一个参与CO2分泌的酶.
- 一个普遍的假设表明,paCA干扰了由β-上腺和质子交换剂 (β-NHE) 调节红细胞 (RBC) 的pH值.
- 在酸化过程中,β-NHEs保护pH敏感的血红蛋白-氧气 (Hb-O2) 结合.
研究的目的:
- 测试paCA干扰由β-NHEs调节红细胞pH值的假设.
- 在不同的生理系统模型中研究paCA在酸性疾病期间Hb-O2结合中的作用.
主要方法:
- 利用模仿鱼的开放系统和模仿组织毛细血管的封闭系统.
- 在存在或缺少PACA的情况下,在呼吸系统酸化期间测量Hb-O2和度.
- 评估了β-NHE活性和抑制对Hb-O2结合的影响.
主要成果:
- 在一个开放的系统 (模仿) 中,β-NHE活性在酸过程中增强了Hb-O2和度,不论PACA是否存在.
- 这种β-NHE的保护作用被NHE抑制取消了.
- 在一个封闭系统 (组织毛细血管模仿) 中,paCA 破坏了β-NHE对Hb-O2 结合的保护作用.
结论:
- 远视动物中的分支PACA可能不会干扰由β-NHEs由于CO2在部扩散 (开放系统) 的原因导致的红细胞pH调节.
- 远程生物中paCA的进化损失可能是由于干扰红细胞pH调节的原因以外的其他原因.
- 需要进行进一步的研究,以探索远鱼中PACA缺失的替代解释.
相关概念视频
Osmoregulation in Fishes
49.8K
When cells are placed in a hypotonic (low-salt) fluid, they can swell and burst. Meanwhile, cells in a hypertonic solution—with a higher salt concentration—can shrivel and die. How do fish cells avoid these gruesome fates in hypotonic freshwater or hypertonic seawater environments?
49.8K
Gene Duplication and Divergence
6.2K
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
6.2K
Comparative Excretory Systems
19.5K
Animals have evolved different strategies for excretion, the removal of waste from the body. Most waste must be dissolved in water to be excreted, so an animal’s excretory strategy directly affects its water balance.
19.5K
Aquaporins
4.9K
Aquaporins or AQPs are a family of integral membrane proteins whose primary function is to transport water, while some called aquaglyceroporins also transport glycerol. In addition, aquaporins have also been suspected to be involved in transporting volatile substances, such as carbon dioxide and ammonia, across membranes. Such AQPs that act as gas channels are often highly expressed in cells involved in the gaseous exchange, such as red blood cells, epithelial cells, and pulmonary capillaries.
4.9K
Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss
25.7K
Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
25.7K
What is Evolutionary History?
36.6K
Scientists record evolutionary history by analyzing fossil, morphological, and genetic data. The fossil record documents the history of life on Earth and provides evidence for evolution. However, both fossil and living organisms offer evidence that outlines Earth’s evolutionary history.
36.6K

