捕食风险驱动着复杂信号的合规性
Hannah Walker1,2, Tim Caro3,4, Donovan Bell2
1Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, United States.
Evolution; international journal of organic evolution
|September 11, 2023
概括
捕食者选择塑造了警告信号. 拥有更多捕食者的鱼具有更一致的警告条纹,而捕食者较少的鱼则显示出更大的模式变化. 这突出了放松的掠食压力作为信号多样性的关键.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 动物颜色动物的颜色.
- 行为生态学 行为生态学
背景情况:
- 猎物用来警告捕食者的异体信号,通常在物种内部显示出显著的变化.
- 这种变化与预期相矛盾,即明确的信号可以增强捕食者学习和猎物识别.
- 条纹 (Mephitis mephitis) 呈现出多样化的外套图案,从大多白色到大多黑色.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究影响条纹的无血态信号模式变化的生态因素.
- 为了确定捕食者多样性和皮动物条纹模式一致性之间的关系.
- 探索环境因素,如湿度,对的颜色的影响.
主要方法:
- 分析了来自北美各地的749个博物馆皮肤.
- 对条纹图案的定量评估,包括边界长度,对称性和白色皮肤的范围.
- 模式变化的相关性与捕食者物种多样性和湿度等环境条件的地理数据.
主要成果:
- 掠食者多样性较高的地区的鱼表现出更长的白色-黑色边界和更对称的条纹.
- 捕食者多样性的增加与白色皮肤范围和边缘长度的变化减少相关,这表明对合规性有更强的选择.
- 湿地区的鱼显示出更大的黑色皮区域,与格洛格尔的规则一致.
结论:
- 放松的掠食压力是条纹的警告信号变化的主要驱动因素.
- 较强的掠食压力导致条纹图案的更大一致性,建议选择更有效的警告信号.
- 湿度等环境因素也会影响皮动物的颜色,这与捕食压力无关.
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