生物学性别和怀孕影响流感的发病和接种疫苗
Patrick S Creisher1, Kumba Seddu1, Alice L Mueller1
1Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Current topics in microbiology and immunology
|September 11, 2023
概括
性别和年龄显著影响流感A病毒 (IAV) 结果. 男性在童年和老年时面临更糟糕的结果,而生育年龄的女性,尤其是孕妇,更容易受到严重的IAV感染.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 性别和年龄是甲型流感病毒 (IAV) 感染严重程度和结果的关键决定因素.
- 幼儿和老年人最容易感染严重的季节性流感,男性经常经历更糟糕的结果.
- 生殖年龄的女性,特别是在怀孕期间,面临着流行性IAV菌株的风险增加,尽管疫苗反应普遍越来越强烈.
研究的目的:
- 调查性别和年龄对流感A病毒病原发生的差异影响.
- 探索性类固醇激素如何影响对IAV感染和疫苗接种的免疫反应.
- 强调需要在流感研究中将性别和年龄作为生物变量纳入.
主要方法:
- 对不同年龄组和性别流感结果的流行病学和临床数据的分析.
- 对小动物模型的审查,检查免疫反应和IAV感染后组织修复的基于性别的差异.
- 检查性类固醇激素在IAV感染和疫苗接种期间调节免疫反应中的作用.
主要成果:
- 在男性和女性之间,IAV感染的结果有很大差异,年龄是主要的调节因素.
- 年龄在5岁以下至65岁以上的男性比女性患重型季节性流感的风险更高.
- 生殖年龄的女性,特别是孕妇,表现出流行性IAV菌株的较差结果,与他们的一般强大的疫苗反应形成鲜明对比.
结论:
- 性别和年龄是关键的生物变量,深深影响流感的发病和结果.
- 性类固醇激素直接调节免疫反应,导致IAV感染和接种疫苗的性别差异.
- 未来的流感研究必须结合性别和年龄的综合分析,以充分了解疾病动态,并制定有针对性的干预措施.
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