使用语言模型预测儿童五种语言的早期词汇的学习年龄令人惊
Eva Portelance1, Yuguang Duan2, Michael C Frank3
1Department of Linguistics, McGill University.
Cognitive science
|September 11, 2023
概括
孩子们更早就学会了可预测的单词. 通过语言模型测量的可预测性,会影响跨语言的函数词和预言词的词获取年龄 (AoA),而不是名词.
科学领域:
- 心理语言学 心理语言学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 计算语言学 计算语言学
背景情况:
- 早期的单词学习受到单词频率和具体性的影响.
- 单词存在于语言上下文中,表现出不同程度的可预测性.
- 单词可预测性和儿童获得单词的年龄之间的关系仍然未被充分探索.
研究的目的:
- 调查词语可预测性与儿童学习年龄 (AoA) 之间的联系.
- 为了确定可预测性,通过语言模型运行,在不同的词类型和语言中预测AoA.
主要方法:
- 通过使用来自n-gram和长期短期记忆 (LSTM) 语言模型的惊喜值来计算词语可预测性.
- 在五种语言中分析了可预测性,AoA,单词频率和具体性之间的相关性.
- 对单词频率和具体性进行控制,以隔离可预测性对AoA的影响.
主要成果:
- 来自LSTM的可预测性是AoA的更强的预测因素,而不是n-gram的可预测性.
- 更高的单词可预测性与预言和函数单词的AoA正相关,但不是名词.
- 更可预测的预言和函数词更早获得,即使在控制频率和具体性之后.
结论:
- 单词可预测性是早期单词学习的一个重要因素,特别是预言和函数单词.
- 单词可预测性的跨语言差异与同一个单词的AoA差异一致.
- 语言模型可以有效量化可预测性,提供对语言学习心理语言学过程的见解.
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