内部认知负载不同影响声学和词汇上下文影响语音感知:来自注意力缺陷/多动症患者群体的证据
Hadeer Derawi1,2, Eva Reinisch3, Yafit Gabay1,2
1Department of Special Education, University of Haifa, Israel.
Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR
|September 11, 2023
概括
患有注意力缺陷/多动症障碍 (ADHD) 的人更依赖单词含义 (词汇上下文) 而不是声音线索 (声学上下文) 来感知语音. 这表明,在ADHD中,认知负载会影响更高层次的语音处理.
科学领域:
- 心理语言学 心理语言学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
背景情况:
- 听众使用上下文信息来解决语音模两可的问题.
- 认知负载影响语音感知,但其对上下文利用的确切影响仍在争论中.
- 注意缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 提供了一个独特的模型来研究注意力在语音处理中的作用.
研究的目的:
- 研究注意力 (内部认知负载) 和语音感知中的上下文效应之间的关系.
- 检查与神经典型听众相比,ADHD患者如何利用不同类型的环境.
- 阐明认知负载对高层次和低层次语音上下文处理的影响.
主要方法:
- 在ADHD的听众和神经类型的对照中比较了语音清晰化策略.
- 评估依赖于词汇上下文 (单词含义) 与声学上下文 (语音速率) 进行语音感知.
- 对不同程度的认知负载进行控制,隐含通过参与者组.
主要成果:
- 与神经类型相比,ADHD患者对语音感知的词汇上下文的依赖程度更高.
- 在群体之间依赖声学背景 (语音速率) 方面没有发现显著差异.
- 研究结果表明,认知负载对上下文类型的影响不同.
结论:
- 认知负载在语音感知中选择性地影响使用高层次 (词汇) 语境,而不是低层次 (声学) 语境.
- 在ADHD的语音识别困难可能与高阶认知功能的损伤有关.
- 了解这些机制可以为患有ADHD的个体提供干预信息.
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