在阶段结构的猎物-掠食者模型中,角色逆转具有恐惧,延迟和延续效应
1Department of Mathematics, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India.
Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)
|September 12, 2023
概括
猎物对年轻捕食者的反击,受到恐惧和延迟的影响,创造了复杂的生态动态. 这些相互作用揭示了复杂的捕食者-猎物关系和生态系统的稳定性.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 数学生物学 数学生物学
- 人口动态 人口动态
背景情况:
- 捕食者-猎物模型通常专注于捕食者攻击,忽视猎物反策略.
- 对掠食的恐惧及其转移效应 (COEs) 可以显著影响猎物的出生率.
- 与恐惧和COE相关的时间延迟为生态系统引入了复杂的动态.
研究的目的:
- 研究猎物对未成熟的掠食者进行反击的生态后果.
- 分析恐惧和COEs在猎物种群动态中的作用,包括时间延迟.
- 确定物种共存的条件,并在捕食者-猎物模型中探索分叉.
主要方法:
- 开发一个离散时间捕食者-猎物模型,结合猎物恐惧和COE.
- 引入两个离散延迟来表示恐惧反应和COE的时间延迟.
- 理论和数值分析,包括分叉分析 (Hopf,结,跨临界,同临床,博格达诺夫-塔肯斯) 和正常形式理论.
主要成果:
- 只有猎物状态的稳定性是独立于恐惧和COEs.
- 建立了猎物和捕食者群体共存的条件.
- 分析揭示了复杂的动态,包括丰富的悖论,混乱,双稳定性和各种分叉.
结论:
- 猎物的反击和恐惧引起的效应创造了复杂的人口动态,挑战了简单的生态模型.
- 时间延迟显著影响系统稳定性,并可能导致混乱和双稳定性等复杂的行为.
- 这项研究通过捕食者攻击,猎物防御和恐惧反应的复杂相互作用,提供了对生态和的见解.
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