思考动作潜能:神经信号作为通向指导神经元刺激能力的物理原理的窗口
Benjamin Drukarch1, Micha M M Wilhelmus1
1Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
霍奇金-哈克斯利模型解释了神经元的动作潜能是电性的,但错过了非电性的物理变化. 结合这些多物理学的新生物物理模型提供了对神经元刺激性和信号传输的更全面的理解.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 生物物理学的生物物理.
- 计算神经科学是一种神经科学.
背景情况:
- 神经元的作用电位历来是用霍奇金-哈克斯利 (HH) 框架作为电信号建模的.
- 虽然HH模型是成功的,但它并没有考虑观察到的非电物理表现 (机械,热,光学) 与作用电位相伴.
- 这种局限性表明,神经元刺激性的电学概念可能是不完整的.
研究的目的:
- 提出基于生物物理学的方法,结合非电学的方面,可以导致对神经元刺激性的更全面的理解.
- 倡导开发和测试能够整合神经信号的多物理性质的替代模型.
- 重新评估神经元信号传输的性质,超越纯电现象.
主要方法:
- 关于神经元作用潜力的现有生物物理模型的审查和观点.
- 强调基于热力学的框架,从膜性质中推导出多种物理表现.
- 讨论神经元膜和相关的细胞骨结构的集体材料特性.
主要成果:
- HH模型无法纳入非电气现象,这表明需要扩展理论框架.
- 基于生物物理学的方法为整合与动作潜力相关的各种物理变化提供了一条途径.
- 一个统一的热力学框架有可能解释神经信号的多物理.
结论:
- 当前的神经科学方法经常抵制替代模型,阻碍了理解神经元刺激性的进展.
- 整合非电气物理表现对于完整了解神经元功能至关重要.
- 对多物理模型的进一步研究对于推进我们对神经信号处理和神经元通信的理解至关重要.
更多相关视频
08:32External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures
Published on: May 7, 2017
16:16Membrane Potentials, Synaptic Responses, Neuronal Circuitry, Neuromodulation and Muscle Histology Using the Crayfish: Student Laboratory Exercises
Published on: January 18, 2011
相关概念视频
Action Potentials
Action Potential
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they...
Electrochemical Gradient and Channel Proteins: An Overview
The electrical gradient: The electrical gradient across cell membranes refers to the difference in electric charge between the inside and outside of a cell. This difference drives the movement of ions towards or away from the cells. For instance, if the inside of the cell is more negatively charged relative to...
Action Potential: Phases of Stimulation
Resting Phase:
In this phase, the cell's membrane is at its resting potential, typically around -70 millivolts (mV) for neurons. Inside the cell, there is a higher concentration of potassium ions (K+) and a lower concentration of sodium ions (Na+). Voltage-gated sodium channels are closed, and...
The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation
Sometimes a single EPSP is strong enough to induce an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron. However, multiple presynaptic inputs must often create EPSPs around the same time for the postsynaptic neuron to be sufficiently depolarized to fire an action potential....
Generation of Action Potential in Skeletal Muscles
Like neurons, muscle cells are also regarded as excitable due to their capacity to change in response to stimuli, primarily due to voltage-gated ion channels embedded in their plasma membranes, which get activated by alterations in the...
