临床实践中过敏性鼻炎的治疗方法
Maria Angela Tosca1, Chiara Trincianti1, Matteo Naso1
1Allergy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
Current pediatric reviews
|September 13, 2023
概括
儿童中花粉诱导的过敏性鼻炎涉及2型炎症,导致鼻腔症状. 本综述比较了传统和新的治疗方法,包括药物和鼻,以有效地控制症状.
科学领域:
- 儿科过敏和免疫学
- 耳鼻喉科 耳鼻喉科 耳鼻喉科
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
背景情况:
- 过敏性鼻炎影响高达40%的儿童,由2型免疫驱动,导致鼻子炎症和,,打喷和鼻等症状.
- 鼻腔阻塞是关键症状,与血管扩张,粘液增加和2型炎症有关,通常与过敏结膜炎和喘同时发生.
- 目前的管理指南 (ARIA) 建议避免过敏原和药物治疗,包括抗组胺剂治疗由组胺介导的症状和鼻腔皮质类固醇治疗由炎症驱动的阻塞.
研究的目的:
- 审查和比较已确立和新兴的治疗策略,用于管理花粉引起的过敏性鼻炎,特别是在儿童群体.
- 评估各种治疗方法的疗效,从药理干预到新的方法,以缓解儿童过敏鼻炎症状.
主要方法:
- 对儿童的花粉诱导过敏性鼻炎的传统和新型治疗方法的文献综述.
- 基于作用机制,缓解症状和指导方针建议 (例如ARIA) 的治疗方法的比较.
- 包括药理疗法 (抗胰岛素,皮质类固醇),鼻洗,过敏原特异性免疫疗法和营养保健品.
主要成果:
- 抗组胺药物通过阻断组胺,有效地控制,打喷和鼻.
- 鼻腔皮质类固醇治疗与炎症相关的鼻腔阻塞;固定局部组合是有效的,但仅限于青少年.
- 鼻洗提供了一种安全,经济高效的方法来清除分泌物和过敏原,高血压溶液提供脱血;过敏原特异性免疫疗法是唯一的因果治疗.
结论:
- 结合避免过敏原,药物治疗和潜在的免疫治疗或鼻洗的多模式方法对于有效的过敏性鼻炎治疗在儿童中至关重要.
- 虽然抗组胺剂和皮质类固醇向特定的症状,鼻和免疫疗法提供更广泛的益处,免疫疗法提供因果治疗选择.
- 对包括营养药在内的新型疗法进行进一步的研究,可能会为儿科患者的花粉诱导过敏性鼻炎提供额外的缓解.
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