一个范围审查,考虑在低收入和中等收入国家改变堕胎法律所涉及的过程
Carmen Hall1, Judith Daire1, Delia Hendrie1
1School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia.
Health policy and planning
|September 13, 2023
概括
合法和安全的堕胎准入对于减少孕产妇死亡率至关重要. 本研究概述了在低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs) 改变堕胎法律的一致政策过程和影响因素.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 卫生政策 卫生政策
- 生殖健康 生殖健康
背景情况:
- 提供合法和安全的堕胎是减少孕产妇死亡率的关键全球战略.
- 低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs) 在1994年国际人口和发展会议之后,越来越多地放宽了堕胎立法.
- 现有的研究往往侧重于议程设置和国家特定的背景,强调需要理解堕胎法改革的普遍政策过程.
研究的目的:
- 探索涉及到改变LMICs中堕胎法律的普遍政策过程.
- 识别和讨论在不同地理环境中对堕胎法律改革的关键影响因素.
- 分析LMICs中堕胎立法政策变革的阶段.
主要方法:
- 在主要数据库 (ProQuest,Scopus,Global Health,PubMed,CINAHL) 进行了全面的文献搜索,于2021年2月进行,并于2023年5月更新.
- 总共有25项同行评审研究被纳入分析.
- 对提取的数据进行了描述性,主题性和解释性分析.
主要成果:
- 该研究确定了改变LMIC中堕胎法律的六个关键阶段:确定需要,产生证据,起草立法,通过和颁布,将规定转化为服务和影响评估.
- 虽然法律变化的时间因背景而异,但政策过程和影响因素在不同地区表现出了显著的一致性.
- 该分析探讨了各种参与者和背景因素的作用,以及政府的政策决策.
结论:
- 在LMICs改变堕胎法律的政策过程遵循一个一致的模式,尽管时间上有着背景的变化.
- 了解这些普遍阶段和影响因素对于有效的政策制定和实施至关重要.
- 需要进一步的研究来最终评估堕胎法律变化的对孕产妇健康结果的影响.
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