人类四肢关节关节形态的共变性
1Department of Health and Human Performance, Congdon School of Health Sciences, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA.
American journal of biological anthropology
|September 13, 2023
概括
关节形状协调复杂的四肢功能,但共变性模式尚不清楚. 这项研究发现,除了肩膀外,大多数四肢关节都表现出形状共变性,在下肢更强的整合,这表明关节一致性和共变性之间存在间接关系.
科学领域:
- 古人类学古人类学.
- 生物力学 生物力学
- 形态整合 形态整合
背景情况:
- 肢体突关节平衡移动性和稳定性,需要复杂的关节形状.
- 这些形状的协调及其在关节内和关节间的形态共变性模式在很大程度上是未知的.
- 了解联合共变对于理解功能适应和进化模式至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究人类肩膀,肘部,部和膝关节内和之间形态共变的结构.
- 确定关节协变如何与关节结构,辅助软骨和功能有关.
- 为了比较上肢和下肢关节之间的协同变异模式.
主要方法:
- 从200个现代人类骨的CT扫描中创建3D表面模型.
- 收集主要四肢关节 (肩膀,肘部,部,膝盖) 的3D基准数据.
- 应用两块部分最小平方分析来评估关节,相似关节和骨内关节之间的关联.
主要成果:
- 大多数关节关节对表现出显著的形状共变性,肩膀是一个显著的例外.
- 协差强度与关节中存在的辅助软骨的数量没有相关性.
- 在骨和大腿骨的类似关节之间观察到显著的协同变异,但可能受到序列同样性的影响,而不是单纯的功能.
- 与上肢关节相比,下肢关节显示出更强的内肢共变性,与更广泛的灵长类动物模式保持一致.
结论:
- 补充性关节功能并没有强烈地促进关节之间的协差,除了肘部.
- 在同类的部和股骨表面之间观察到的协同变异可能归因于串行同样性.
- 这些发现表明,关节一致性和形态共变性之间存在间接关系,突出了复杂的进化约束.
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