与事件相关的潜在相关的隐性处理自己的和其他种族的孩子的面孔
Luana Serafini1, Irene Leo2, Francesca Pesciarelli1
1Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy.
Journal of experimental child psychology
|September 13, 2023
概括
6-7岁的儿童对自己和其他种族的面部表情表现出类似的早期面部处理. 这表明其他种族效应在儿童时期是不成熟的,而种族影响面部识别是在后来的发展阶段.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学是发展心理学.
- 认知神经科学是一种认知神经科学.
- 社会的认知社会认知.
背景情况:
- "其他种族"效应,即个体在识别不同种族群体面部时的准确性较低,在成年时出现.
- 从婴儿到儿童时期的其他种族效应的发展轨迹仍然不完全理解.
- 研究早期的面部处理机制对于理解其他种族效应的起源至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 检查儿童自身和其他种族面部处理背后的神经机制.
- 通过面具原始化范式,研究其他种族效应的发展时间表.
- 为了确定早期的面部识别处理是否在幼儿的自己和其他种族的面孔之间存在差异.
主要方法:
- 采用一个掩盖的原始化范式与白色的6岁和7岁的孩子 (N=19).
- 儿童按性别分类亚裔 (其他种族) 或白人 (自己的种族) 目标面孔,前面是蒙面的素数.
- 记录了与事件相关的潜力 (ERP),以分析神经反应 (P100,N100,P200,N200,P300).
主要成果:
- 在N100组件上观察到早期的原始化效应,表明对面部身份的敏感性,无论种族如何.
- 后来在N200组件上出现了种族效应,对自己的种族面孔有更大的振幅.
- 重要的是,在所有分析的ERP组件 (P100-P300) 中,没有发现种族和原始化之间的相互作用.
结论:
- 种族似乎对6岁和7岁儿童的面部处理有暂时限制的影响.
- 在这个发育阶段,隐式和无意识地处理自己和其他种族的面部身份可能是相似的.
- 这些发现表明,在童年时代存在不成熟的其他种族影响,并有可能在以后发展成成人模式.
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