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高地位的个人被要求遵守更高的道德标准
Stefan T Trautmann1, Xianghong Wang2, Yijie Wang3
1Alfred-Weber-Institute for Economics, University of Heidelberg, Bergheimer Str. 58, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany. trautmann@uni-hd.de.
Scientific reports
|September 13, 2023
概括
对精英的自私感觉可能源于不切实际的期望. 研究表明,高地位的个人面临更高的道德标准,但人们期望他们的慷慨程度低于他们实际给予的.
科学领域:
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
背景情况:
- 有证据表明,高地位的个人可以慷慨大方,但一个普遍的看法是,精英是自私的.
- 这种看法可能源于社会期望与有关精英慷慨的实际行为之间的脱节.
研究的目的:
- 调查高地位个人规范性 (预期) 和经验性 (实际) 慷慨之间的差距.
- 检查高地位的个人是否与其他人相比被要求遵守更高的道德标准.
- 将这些期望和行为在不同文化背景 (美国和中国) 中进行比较.
主要方法:
- 利用在美国和中国进行的大规模调查实验.
- 评估了基于收入水平的参与者对慷慨的规范期望.
- 将规范期望与经验期望和实际观察到的给予行为进行比较.
主要成果:
- 高地位的个人在美国和中国都受到更严格的道德标准的约束.
- 在规范性预期的慷慨方面存在显著的收入梯度.
- 对富人如何表现的经验期望低于规范期望和他们实际的给予水平.
结论:
- 精英的自私感觉可能是由高道德标准和较低的经验期望之间的差异推动的.
- 人们认为富人对慷慨的道德标准比他们期望的要高.
- 了解这种期望-行为差距对于对社会责任和精英贡献的看法至关重要.
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