患有异常性CD4淋巴细胞缺陷症的患者的急性密码球菌脑膜炎:一种罕见的临床实体
Vaishnavi Kavirayani1, Arundhati Negi1, M Mukhyaprana Prabhu1
1Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, IND.
Cureus
|September 14, 2023
概括
加密球菌脑膜炎可以发生在没有艾滋病毒的患者中,呈现为机会性感染. 这一案例突显出异常性CD4淋巴细胞衰竭是病因,强调需要在非艾滋病毒患者中高度怀疑.
科学领域:
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
背景情况:
- 加密球菌脑膜炎是一种显著的机会性感染,主要影响患有获得性免疫缺陷综合征 (AIDS) 的人.
- 非艾滋病毒感染者的加密球菌脑膜炎病例很少见,这给诊断带来了挑战.
研究的目的:
- 报告一名患有异常性CD4淋巴细胞衰竭 (ICL) 的老年妇女患有密码球菌脑膜炎的病例.
- 强调考虑非艾滋病毒免疫受损患者的机会性感染的重要性.
- 强调需要高临床怀疑才能及时诊断和治疗.
主要方法:
- 一个老年妇女出现脑膜炎症状的病例报告.
- 脑脊液 (CSF) 分析,包括加密球菌抗原 (CRAg) 测试和真菌培养.
- 实验室检查免疫状况,包括CD4淋巴细胞衰减.
- 用安福特里辛B和流动治疗,然后进行维持抗真菌疗法.
主要成果:
- 该患者出现脑膜炎,并在CSF中检测出密码球菌抗原呈阳性.
- 脊髓灰质炎培养证实了*Cryptococcus neoformans*的存在.
- 实验室发现显示CD4淋巴细胞衰减 (233细胞/μl) 在没有HIV的情况下,与ICL一致.
- 患者对抗真菌治疗反应良好,并通过维持疗法出院.
结论:
- 加密球菌脑膜炎可能发生在患有异常性CD4淋巴细胞衰竭 (ICL) 的患者中.
- 即使没有艾滋病毒,在免疫功能低下的个体中,也应该考虑机会性感染.
- 及时诊断和适当的抗真菌治疗对于管理ICL患者的加密球菌脑膜炎至关重要.
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