支持非线性职业,使科学多样化
Anna L Vlasits1, Monique L Smith2, Maria Maldonado3
1Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America.
PLoS biology
|September 14, 2023
概括
科学家经常追求非线性学术职业,但面临着惩罚. 本研究探讨了这些途径的原因,它们的科学贡献,并提出了确保公平评估的解决方案.
科学领域:
- 学术研究学术研究.
- 职业发展 职业发展
- 科学政策 科学政策
背景情况:
- 非线性学术职业道路越来越普遍.
- 传统的评估指标惩罚科学家的非线性轨迹.
- 这为研究人员创造了障碍,并可能影响科学进步.
研究的目的:
- 调查科学家选择非线性职业道路背后的动机.
- 了解具有非线性职业生涯的科学家的具体贡献.
- 确定为所有学术科学家创建一个更公平的评估系统的策略.
主要方法:
- 科学家的职业发展轨迹的定性分析.
- 对研究非线性路径的研究人员的采访.
- 审查资金和招聘实践.
主要成果:
- 科学家因各种机会和个人情况而偏离传统道路.
- 非线性职业可以促进跨学科的研究和创新.
- 当前的评估系统往往忽视了这些不同的职业道路产生的价值.
结论:
- 识别和评价非线性职业对于科学进步至关重要.
- 政策变化是必要的,以改革学术界的评估标准.
- 促进公平评估将促进一个更具包容性和动态的科学界.
相关概念视频
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Causes of Nonlinearity
225
Nonlinearity in drug pharmacokinetics is caused by various factors influencing how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted. Understanding these nonlinear processes is crucial for predicting drug behavior in the body and optimizing drug dosing regimens.
Nonlinear drug absorption can occur when the process is rate-limited by solubility, carrier-mediated transport systems, or saturation of the presystemic gut wall or hepatic metabolism. For instance, high doses of riboflavin...
Nonlinear drug absorption can occur when the process is rate-limited by solubility, carrier-mediated transport systems, or saturation of the presystemic gut wall or hepatic metabolism. For instance, high doses of riboflavin...
225
Non-conservative Forces
7.9K
Non-conservative forces are dissipative forces such as friction or air resistance. These forces take energy away from a system as it progresses. Unlike conservative forces, non-conservative forces do not have potential energy associated with them. This is because the energy is lost to the system and cannot be turned into useful work later.
Also unlike their conservative counterparts, they are path-dependent; where the object starts and stops does matter. For example, a grinding wheel applies a...
Also unlike their conservative counterparts, they are path-dependent; where the object starts and stops does matter. For example, a grinding wheel applies a...
7.9K
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Overview
426
Nonlinear or dose-dependent pharmacokinetics is a phenomenon that occurs when the pharmacokinetic parameters of certain drugs deviate from linear pharmacokinetics at higher doses. These drugs do not follow the expected first-order kinetics, where the rate of drug elimination is directly proportional to the drug concentration. Instead, they exhibit a nonlinear relationship, which can be attributed to several factors.
Nonlinearity can arise due to the saturation of plasma protein-binding or...
Nonlinearity can arise due to the saturation of plasma protein-binding or...
426
Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses
6.5K
The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity.
Graded and Abrupt Responses
Some signaling systems generate...
Graded and Abrupt Responses
Some signaling systems generate...
6.5K
Limits to Natural Selection
31.4K
Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
31.4K
Null and Alternative Hypotheses
8.3K
The actual hypothesis testing begins by considering two hypotheses. They are termed the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis. These hypotheses contain opposing viewpoints.
The null hypothesis, denoted by H0 is a statement of no difference between the variables—they are not related. This can often be considered the status quo. As a result if you cannot accept the null, it requires some action.
The alternative hypothesis, denoted by H1 or Ha, is a claim about the...
The null hypothesis, denoted by H0 is a statement of no difference between the variables—they are not related. This can often be considered the status quo. As a result if you cannot accept the null, it requires some action.
The alternative hypothesis, denoted by H1 or Ha, is a claim about the...
8.3K


