强奸场景中的警察决策:创伤反应的影响,法医证据,陌生人-事者和强奸神话
Cortney A Franklin1, Leana A Bouffard2, Amanda Goodson3
1Division of Governmental Studies and Services, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
Violence against women
|September 14, 2023
概括
警方对强奸案件的看法受到案件特征和对性侵犯的信念的影响. 强奸神话的支持显著影响了逮捕,收费的接受和定罪的可能性.
科学领域:
- 犯罪学 犯罪学
- 法医心理学 法医心理学
- 法律社会学 法律社会学
背景情况:
- 了解影响警察处理性侵犯案件的因素对于正义至关重要.
- 强奸神话,或关于性侵犯的毫无根据的信念,可以影响人们的看法和决策.
- 之前的研究还没有充分探讨具体案件细节和强奸神话在警察决策中的支持之间的相互作用.
研究的目的:
- 调查"经典强奸"特征和强奸神话的认可如何影响警察关于逮捕,收费接受和定罪的决定.
- 检查强奸神话认可在案件特征和案件处理结果之间的关系中起的缓和作用.
- 为改善性侵犯调查的政策和实践提供经验数据.
主要方法:
- 在一个来自美国一个大而多样化的城市的468名警察参与时,使用了一个因数图片设计.
- 参与者被随机分配来评估假设的强奸披露场景,这些场景被刻板印象的创伤反应,法医检查的存在和事者类型所操纵.
- 采用路径建模来分析直接和缓解对逮捕可能性,地区检察官收费认可和嫌疑人定罪的直接影响.
主要成果:
- 刻板印象的创伤反应,法医检查和犯罪者类型显著影响了逮捕的可能性,收费的接受和定罪.
- 强奸神话的支持起到了调节者的作用,改变了这些案例特征对结果变量的影响.
- 这些发现突出了客观案例信息和警察决策中的主观偏见之间的复杂相互作用.
结论:
- 在性侵犯案件中,警察的看法和随后的决定在很大程度上是由案件细节和他们对强奸神话的支持所塑造的.
- 旨在减少执法人员对强奸神话的认可的干预措施可能对确保公平的案件处理至关重要.
- 该研究强调需要基于证据的培训和政策改革,以解决刑事司法系统对性侵犯的反应中的偏见.
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