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相关概念视频

Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

Negative Regulator Molecules

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Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
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Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
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Abnormal Proliferation02:23

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Active ERK in the C. elegans Germline
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DMRT1调节了人类生殖系的承诺.

Naoko Irie1,2, Sun-Min Lee3,4, Valentina Lorenzi5,6

  • 1Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and Developmental Biology, Cambridge, UK. irienaoko@ciea.or.jp.

Nature cell biology
|September 14, 2023
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

研究人员追踪了人类胚胎干细胞衍生细胞,发现特定的信号分子促进了原始生殖细胞类细胞的发展. 这一过程涉及表观遗传的重置,对生殖线的承诺和潜在的体外生殖细胞产生至关重要.

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科学领域:

  • 发展生物学 发展生物学
  • 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
  • 干细胞生物学 干细胞生物学

背景情况:

  • 对生殖线的承诺对于建立一个用于游戏生成的表观遗传程序至关重要.
  • 原始生殖细胞 (PGC) 是精子和卵子的前体.

研究的目的:

  • 在体外研究人类胚胎干细胞衍生的PGC类细胞的进展.
  • 了解与生殖系承诺相关的表观遗传变化.

主要方法:

  • 人类胚胎干细胞分化成类似PGC的细胞.
  • 信号通路 (BMP,Activin A,视网酸) 被操纵.
  • 分析了基因表达 (DMRT1,CDH5,SOX17,DAZL) 和DNA甲基化模式 (5-基甲基氨酸,5-甲基氨酸).

主要成果:

  • 将信号从BMP切换到Activin A/网红酸诱导的迁移性PGC标记物 (DMRT1,CDH5).
  • DMRT1和SOX17诱导促进了表观遗传的重置,包括全球的5-基甲基细胞因子丰富和局部特定的5-甲基细胞因子损失.
  • 一个对DNA甲基化敏感基因DAZL的表达表明了生殖系的承诺.

结论:

  • 该研究阐明了体外人类生殖线发育中的关键分子事件.
  • DMRT1在生殖线发育和表观遗传重编程中起着至关重要的作用.
  • 这些发现提升了对人类生殖细胞生物学和体外生殖细胞的理解.