温暖的冷酷的合作者
Eamonn Ferguson1,2, Claire Lawrence3, Sarah Bowen4
1School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. eamonn.ferguson@nottingham.ac.uk.
Nature human behaviour
|September 14, 2023
概括
了解持续合作是关键. 这项研究揭示,虽然帮助的"温暖光"消失了,但有针对性的信息可以重新点燃它,特别是对于那些从以身份为中心的呼吁中受益的"酷合作者"来说.
科学领域:
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 亲社会行为 亲社会行为
背景情况:
- 解释持续,高成本的合作与非互惠的陌生人是一个挑战.
- "温暖的光"效应是一种维持合作的机制.
- 这项研究调查了温暖的光是否随着时间的推移而减弱,以及它是否可以被重新激活.
研究的目的:
- 检查温暖的光在维持自愿献血的长期合作中的作用.
- 为了测试温暖的光是否随着时间的推移而减弱,并且可以通过干预恢复.
- 确定不同类型的合作者,并相应地定制干预措施.
主要方法:
- 一个实地实验 (n=5,821) 比较了温暖的光和不纯粹的利他主义信息.
- 一项实施研究分析了澳大利亚献血者数据 (前:N=270,353;后:N=170,317).
- 另外四项研究 (n=716到1592) 探索了潜在的机制.
主要成果:
- 确定了两个不同的合作者群体:"温暖"和"凉爽".
- "冷酷的合作者"之间的合作增加了"温暖的光加身份"的信息.
- 预约未来的约会,促进合作,与"温暖的合作者"有关.
结论:
- 温暖的光效果,虽然可能会减弱,但可以通过特定的信息来振兴.
- 干预措施应考虑不同的合作者类型 ("温暖"和"凉爽") 以获得最大的影响.
- 了解这些动态对促进持续的亲社会行为和社会合作有影响.
相关概念视频
Decreased Body Temperature
643
A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
643
Thermoregulation
1.0K
The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...
1.0K
Masonry in Cold and Hot Weather Conditions
104
In cold weather, masonry construction requires specific precautions to ensure mortar does not freeze before curing, as this can significantly weaken its strength and watertightness. Mortar temperature should be maintained between 60°F and 80°F to support proper hydration and curing. Below 40°F, mortar water must be heated, but should not exceed 120°F as high temperatures can reduce mortar's compressive and bond strength.
Other key practices include keeping masonry units...
Other key practices include keeping masonry units...
104
Cold Weather Concreting
92
When freshly poured concrete is exposed to freezing temperatures before it has set, the water within the concrete can freeze. This expansion disrupts the setting process, delays chemical reactions necessary for hardening, and increases the volume of pores within the hardened concrete, which weakens its overall structure. If the concrete manages to reach an appreciable strength before it freezes, the damage can be somewhat mitigated.
To counteract the negative impacts of cold weather, ensuring...
To counteract the negative impacts of cold weather, ensuring...
92
Increased Body Temperature
704
A body temperature above 38°C (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in...
704
Insulation Coordination
169
Insulation coordination is the process of matching electric equipment's insulation strength with protective device characteristics to protect the equipment against expected overvoltages. This selection is based on engineering judgment and cost. Equipment can generally withstand short-duration high transient overvoltages, but repeated tests with identical waveforms can yield inconsistent results. As a result, standard impulse voltage waveforms are used for testing, defined by specific times...
169


