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在轻度症状的COVID-19患者中评估长期的嗅觉或味觉功能障碍:为期3年的随访研究
Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo1, Giacomo Spinato2, Claire Hopkins3
1Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Strada Di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy. paolo.boscolorizzo@units.it.
概括
大多数患有轻度COVID-19的患者在3年内恢复了嗅觉和味觉. 虽然5%的患者在3年后仍然存在功能障碍,但92%的初始嗅觉或味觉丧失患者完全康复.
科学领域:
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 神经学 神经学
- 耳鼻喉科 耳鼻喉科 耳鼻喉科
背景情况:
- 关于COVID-19相关的嗅觉和味觉功能障碍的长期 (3年) 患病率和恢复的数据有限.
- 自我报告的化学感官功能障碍是轻度SARS-CoV-2感染的常见后果.
研究的目的:
- 为了估计自我报告的COVID-19相关化学感官功能障碍的3年流行率和康复率.
- 在患有轻度COVID-19的患者中,分析3年来气味和味道变化的变化.
主要方法:
- 对通过PCR检测出SARS-CoV-2阳性成年患者的前性观察性研究.
- 在基线,感染后6-24个月,2年和3年的嗅觉和味觉变化的评估.
- 使用SNOT-22问卷来量化嗅觉和味觉功能障碍.
主要成果:
- 3年后,嗅觉或味觉功能障碍的患病率为5.2%.
- 在最初功能障碍的患者中,92.1%的人在3年内报告完全康复.
- 在2年内患有持续功能障碍的患者中,27.6%和37.9%分别在3年内完全和部分恢复.
结论:
- 在轻度病例中,COVID-19相关的嗅觉或味觉丧失的3年流行率约为5%,康复率为92%.
- 在COVID-19后2年内,最多三分之二的患有持续化学感官功能障碍的患者可能会出现延迟的完全或部分康复.
- 很大一部分人可能会经历持续的,不变的化学感官变化,即使在3年后.
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