识别消防员在火灾和非火灾紧急情况中的情况意识要求,使用目标导向的任务分析
Viviana Dos Santos1, Changwon Son1
1Department of Industrial, Manufacturing, & Systems Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
Applied ergonomics
|September 16, 2023
概括
消防员的情况意识 (SA) 依赖于来自危险,人,环境的线索. 了解这些因素可以改善消防员在所有紧急情况下的决策.
科学领域:
- 应急响应应对紧急情况的反应.
- 人类因素 人类因素
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
背景情况:
- 情境意识 (SA) 对于消防员的决策至关重要.
- 有限的研究存在于消防员在各种事件期间的SA线索.
- 消防员越来越多地处理非火灾紧急情况.
研究的目的:
- 在火灾和非火灾事件中识别消防员SA线索.
- 分析信息处理以提供有效的战术反应.
- 告知SA测量,培训和技术开发.
主要方法:
- 以目标为导向的任务分析.
- 与八名职业消防员的焦点小组讨论.
- 调查了三起火灾 (房屋,车辆,飞机) 和三起非火灾 (医疗,危险物资,USAR) 事件.
主要成果:
- 消防员利用来自危险的线索 (火灾,点火源).
- 人类因素 (居住者,旁观者) 是SA的关键组成部分.
- 空间元素 (结构,危险位置) 和环境条件 (交通,天气) 告知SA.
结论:
- 消防员SA是建立在不同的感官和认知输入.
- 调查结果支持加强SA培训和技术设计.
- 改进的SA有助于在所有危险场景中有效地做出决策.
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