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儿童营养计划的政策,系统和环境变化:一个系统的文献综述
Shelly Palmer1, Amirah Burton-Obanla2, Shatabdi Goon3
1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States.
政策,系统和环境战略可以改善学校的午餐消费. 有证据表明,午餐前的休息会增加牛奶摄入量,同时使水果和蔬菜更有吸引力会增加其消费量.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
- 预防儿童肥胖 预防儿童肥胖
背景情况:
- 国家学校午餐计划 (NSLP) 旨在为数百万儿童提供营养丰富的午餐.
- 政策,系统和环境 (PSE) 变革战略越来越多地用于提高学校用餐消费.
- 需要对学校营养计划中PSE干预措施的现有证据进行全面审查,以指导国家实践.
研究的目的:
- 在NSLP中系统地审查关于PSE战略有效性的证据.
- 评估对影响水果,蔬菜,牛奶和水的消费和废物的PSE干预措施的研究质量和范围.
- 确定有效的策略,以改善学校环境中的儿童营养.
主要方法:
- 对2012年以后发表的原始研究文章进行系统审查.
- 纳入标准集中在美国K-12学校设置,报告特定食品/饮料的消费/废物数据,以及积极或中立的质量评级.
- 研究被分为政策,系统,环境和多类别干预.
主要成果:
- 政策层面的干预措施:午餐前休息可能会增加牛奶消费;删除调味牛奶可能会减少.
- 系统层面的干预措施:首先提供蔬菜或调味制品可能会增加蔬菜摄入量;当地采购可能会促进水果/蔬菜消费.
- 环境层面的干预措施:水资源促进和提高水果/蔬菜的便利性,吸引力和食感性可以增加消费.
结论:
- 对于改善NSLP消费,PSE策略显示出有前途,在不同干预层次上,其有效性各不相同.
- 未来的研究应该整合实施援助和指标,以从学校营养专业人员的角度了解干预的可持续性.
- 有证据支持有针对性的PSE战略,以加强学生的健康食品选择和消费.
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