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微型和纳米塑料 (MNP) 及其潜在的毒理学结果:科学现状,知识差距和研究需求

Zhenning Yang¹, Glen M DeLoid², Helmut Zarbl³

¹Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Center, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.

|September 17, 2023

概括

微塑料和纳米塑料 (MNPs) 是新出现的污染物,其对人类健康的影响尚不确定. 研究表明,MNP可以在体内积累,毒性受粒子特征的影响,突出需要进一步研究.

科学领域:

环境科学环境科学
毒理学毒理学毒理学
人类健康人类健康人类健康

背景情况:

塑料垃圾是一个日益严重的全球问题,具有公认的环境影响.
微塑料和纳米塑料 (MNP) 是在生态系统和食物链中发现的新兴污染物.
人类暴露于MNP已得到证实,潜在的健康风险尚未完全理解.

研究的目的:

审查最近关于MNP在陆地哺乳动物中的毒性和不良健康影响的发现.
总结关于MNP生物积累,生物分布和人类排泄的生物监测研究.
识别MNP毒性和人类健康风险评估中的知识差距.

主要方法:

关于MNP毒性的体外和体内哺乳动物研究的综合文献综述.
对生物监测研究的分析,描述了人类样本 (血液,尿液,便,胎盘) 中MNP的存在.
评估MNP的物理化学特征 (大小,形状,聚合物类型,表面特性) 以及它们对毒性的影响.

主要成果:

MNP的毒性和生物活性受到粒子特征的显著影响.
在人体血液,尿液,便和胎盘中检测到MNP,这表明系统性暴露.
氧化应激被确定为MNP细胞水平毒性的主要机制.

结论:

在MNP毒性和长期人类健康影响方面,仍然存在重大知识差距.
进一步的研究至关重要,重点关注环境相关的MNP和人类暴露场景.
需要全面的毒理学数据来评估MNP污染的全部不良影响.

关键词:

微塑料和纳米塑料的使用氧化应激是一种氧化应激.物理化学特性物理化学特性有毒性有毒性

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