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在中国北京对过氧乙酸盐 (PAN) 的污染特征进行了全面的观察

Hailiang Zhang¹, Shengrui Tong¹, Wenqian Zhang¹

¹State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.

The Science of the total environment

|September 17, 2023

概括

北京的过氧酸 (PAN) 污染与臭氧有关,并因人类活动而恶化. 从LPG和溶剂等来源减少排放是控制PAN和臭氧共污染的关键.

科学领域:

大气化学大气化学
环境科学环境科学
光化学污染光化学污染

背景情况:

氧酸 (PAN) 是一种有害的二次光化学污染物,影响健康和植物生命.
城市地区经常经历由于光化学反应而引起的PAN水平升高.

研究的目的:

调查PAN度及其与北京其他污染物和气象条件的关系.
确定导致PAN形成的主要前体和来源.
评估排放控制策略在减少PAN和臭氧方面的有效性.

主要方法:

2022年8月至9月在北京进行PAN,臭氧和气象数据的密集观测.
PAN与臭氧度之间的相关性分析.
使用主化学机制 (MCM v3.3.1) 来识别OH基源和PAN前体的盒模型模拟.
对减排方案的评估.

主要成果:

平均PAN度为1.00±0.97ppb,并观察到严重的光化学污染.
与干净时期相比,在观察期内,PAN度显著更高.
发现臭氧 (O3) 和PAN之间存在强烈的正相关性,特别是在高臭氧时期.
乙甲基和甲基素被确定为过氧乙基的主要前体.
减少液化天然气和溶剂使用的排放对降低PAN和O3的影响最为显著.

结论:

与臭氧相关的反应大大促进了OH基的形成,促进了PAN和臭氧的共同污染.
人为活动,特别是液化天然气和溶剂的使用,是北京光化学污染的主要驱动因素.
有效控制人为排放对于减轻城市环境中PAN和臭氧共同污染至关重要.

关键词:

主化学机制 (MCM) 是指过氧乙酸 (PAN) 是一种光化学反应的反应积极矩阵因子化 (PMF)

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2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

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Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.