在睡眠和清醒状态期间,婴儿大脑中的功能网络
Tristan S Yates1, Cameron T Ellis2, Nicholas B Turk-Browne1,3
1Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|September 17, 2023
概括
婴儿的大脑网络在睡眠和清醒状态之间有所不同,这影响了与成人的比较. 醒着功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 对于理解大脑功能发育变化至关重要.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发育神经科学的发展神经科学.
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
背景情况:
- 功能性大脑网络通常在婴儿 (睡眠) 和成年人 (清醒) 之间的不同意识状态下被研究.
- 这种状态差异可能会混大脑网络的发育比较,因此尚不清楚观察到的差异是由于发育或意识状态.
研究的目的:
- 研究意识状态对婴儿和成人功能大脑网络的影响.
- 为了确定是否需要清醒功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 来准确评估大脑连接的发育状况.
主要方法:
- 使用fMRI比较婴儿在自然睡眠和清醒电影观看期间的功能性大脑连接.
- 在清醒休息和看电影期间扫描成年人作为参考.
- 利用机器学习分类器来解码大脑状态并评估功能连接模式的跨状态/跨物种相似性.
主要成果:
- 功能连接在同一个州内 (婴儿睡眠与电影;成人休息与电影) 比跨州更相似.
- 一个分类器准确地识别了婴儿大脑状态,并将其推广到成年人身上,但成年人状态分类并没有将其推广到婴儿身上.
- 整体婴儿-成人功能连接相似性受成人状态的影响,而不是婴儿状态,尽管特定的网络连接与婴儿状态有所不同.
结论:
- 婴儿的功能性脑网络在睡眠和清醒状态之间表现出显著的差异.
- 唤醒fMRI对于研究整个发育过程中的功能性大脑网络是有价值的,以避免依赖状态的混.
- 功能连接的发育变化最好使用一致的,清醒的扫描协议来理解.
相关概念视频
01:24Sleep-Wake Cycles
1.4K
Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
1.4K
01:22Stages of Sleep
258
Sleep progresses through distinct stages, each characterized by specific brain wave patterns and physiological responses ranging from wakefulness to stages of non-rapid eye movement, known as non-REM, to rapid eye movement, referred to as REM. Understanding these stages helps in recognizing how sleep supports various bodily and cognitive functions.
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...
258
01:11Understanding Sleep
297
Sleep, an essential biological state, involves significant reductions in physical activity, sensory awareness, and interaction with the environment. This complex physiological process is primarily regulated by specific brain regions, notably the hypothalamus and pons, which govern the sleep-wake cycle or circadian rhythm.
The circadian rhythm, a nearly 24-hour cycle, is deeply influenced by environmental light cues. Light exposure directly affects the hypothalamus, which in turn regulates...
The circadian rhythm, a nearly 24-hour cycle, is deeply influenced by environmental light cues. Light exposure directly affects the hypothalamus, which in turn regulates...
297
01:13Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation
2.0K
The reticular formation is a complex network of gray and white matter located within the brainstem extending from the medulla to the midbrain.
Within the reticular formation, there are several distinct nuclei that can be classified into three broad categories. The Raphe nuclei are located along the midline of the brainstem. They are primarily known for their role in synthesizing and releasing serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, appetite, sleep, and circadian rhythms. The...
Within the reticular formation, there are several distinct nuclei that can be classified into three broad categories. The Raphe nuclei are located along the midline of the brainstem. They are primarily known for their role in synthesizing and releasing serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, appetite, sleep, and circadian rhythms. The...
2.0K
01:15REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
246
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...
RBD is significantly associated with...
246
01:23Brain Waves
1.5K
Brain waves are electrical signals generated by the neurons in the brain, which are regularly monitored to measure mental activities. Brain waves and their frequency ranges can be measured using an electroencephalogram or EEG. There are four main types of brain waves, each with distinct characteristics:
1.5K